Environ. Sci. Technol., 38 (5), 1330 -1337, 2004. 10.1021/es0347843 S0013-936X(03)04784-9
Web Release Date: January 30, 2004

Not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2004 American Chemical Society

Use of 87Sr/86Sr and 11B To Identify Slag-Affected Sediment in Southern Lake Michigan

E. Randall Bayless*

U.S. Geological Survey, 5957 Lakeside Boulevard, Indianapolis, Indiana 46278

Thomas D. Bullen and John A. Fitzpatrick

U.S. Geological Survey, Building 15, McKelvey Building, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025

Received for review July 17, 2003

Revised manuscript received December 3, 2003

Accepted December 12, 2003

Abstract:

Slag is a ubiquitous byproduct of the iron-smelting industry and influences geochemistry and water quality in adjacent geologic units, ground and surface water. Despite extensive slag deposition along the Indiana shoreline of Lake Michigan, definitive evidence that slag has affected lakebed sediments has not been established. Concerns for the protection of water and ecosystem resources in the Great Lakes motivated this study to determine if strontium and boron isotopes could be used to identify and delineate slag-affected bed sediment in Lake Michigan. Sixty-five samples of bed sediment were acquired from the southern lobe of Lake Michigan and analyzed for 87Sr/86Sr and 11B. Samples immediately offshore from Indiana steel mills and slag-disposal sites contained higher median 87Sr/86Sr values (0.70881) than shoreline sediments collected elsewhere in the basin (0.70847) and uniquely decreased with increasing distance from the shoreline. The highest 11B values occurred in sediments from the Indiana shoreline (+12.9 to 16.4o/oo) but were also elevated in sediments collected offshore from three Lake Michigan cities (+11.7 to 12.7o/oo). Contoured isotope data indicated that 82-154 km2 of bed sediment along the Indiana shoreline had elevated 87Sr/86Sr and 11B values relative to shoreline sediments elsewhere in southern Lake Michigan.

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