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Nucleic Acids Research, 2002, Vol. 30, No. 12 e58
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Ferrocene conjugates of dUTP for enzymatic redox labelling of DNA

Wjatschesslaw A. Wlassoff and Garry C. King*

School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

Two ferrocene-labelled analogues of dTTP, 5-(3-ferrocenecarboxamidopropenyl-1) 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (Fc1-dUTP) and 5-(3-ferroceneacet-amidopropenyl-1) 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (Fc2-dUTP) have been produced to demonstrate the incorporation of redox labels into DNA by polymerases. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that the ferrocenyl moieties display reversible redox behaviour in aqueous buffer with E1/2 values of 398 (Fc1-dUTP) and 260 mV (Fc2-dUTP) versus Ag/AgCl. Primer extension by the proofreading enzymes Klenow fragment and T4 DNA polymerase shows that Fc1-dUTP is efficiently incorporated into DNA during synthesis, including incorporation of two successive modified nucleotides. Production of a 998 bp amplicon by Tth DNA polymerase demonstrates that Fc1-dUTP is also a satisfactory substrate for PCR. Despite its structural similarity, Fc2-dUTP acts predominantly as a terminator with the polymerases employed here. UV melting analysis of a 37mer duplex containing five Fc1-dU residues reveals that the labelled nucleotide introduces only a modest helix destabilisation, with Tm = 71 versus 75°C for the corresponding natural construct. Modified DNA is detected at femtomole levels using a HPLC system with a coulometric detector. The availability of simple and effective enzymatic labelling strategies should promote the further development of electrochemical detection in nucleic acid analysis.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +61 2 9385 2021; Fax: +61 2 9385 1483; Email: garry{at}kinglab.unsw.edu.au


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