From Micro to Nano:  Analysis of Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Active Sites via Multiscale Correlations

Imran Khan,* Dale Cunningham, Rachael E. Littleford, Duncan Graham, W. Ewen Smith, and David W. McComb
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
Anal. Chem., 2006, 78 (1), pp 224–230
DOI: 10.1021/ac051158a
Publication Date (Web): November 24, 2005
Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society

Abstract

Effective correlation of data from a number of analytical techniques over length scales spanning several orders of magnitude is required to more fully investigate the active sites on silver nanoparticles that are responsible for surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). In this paper, a method is presented that uses fluorescent beads as optical markers to allow direct correlation between a SERRS/fluorescence map and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) collage of the same area. Factors influencing the accuracy of the technique include the flatness of the substrate, the size of the fluorescent beads, and the strength of the signal from the fluorescent beads. When the effect of each of these factors on the technique is addressed, a simple and accurate correlation between the optical spectroscopy and the electron microscopy is achieved. A statistically significant number of particles can then be easily and reliably located and characterized at both optical limits, by SERRS, and with subnanometer resolution in the high-resolution TEM. Examples of HRTEM images and the locations of these particles within the SERRS map/TEM collage are presented. Our findings reveal that the relative SERRS activity of single particles is very low compared to dimers and larger aggregates of particles. The relative activity of dimers is estimated to be 12.4 times greater than single particles, and as the number of particles in the aggregate increase, the relative SERRS activity also increases. The relative SERRS activities of single particles/dimers/trimers/aggregates of 4−9 particles/aggregates of 10−20 are estimated to be 1/12.4/15.6/23.2/43.

Citing Articles

View all 22 citing articles

Citation data is made available by participants in CrossRef's Cited-by Linking service. For a more comprehensive list of citations to this article, users are encouraged to perform a search in SciFinder.

This article has been cited by 10 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).

  • Cover Image

    Robust Multilayer Thin Films Containing Cationic Thiol-Functionalized Gold Nanorods for Tunable Plasmonic Properties

    Ying Bao, Leonid Vigderman, Eugene R. Zubarev, and Chaoyang Jiang
    Langmuir2012 28 (1), 923-930
    • Robust Multilayer Thin Films Containing Cationic Thiol-Functionalized Gold Nanorods for Tunable Plasmonic Properties

      Ying Bao, Leonid Vigderman, Eugene R. Zubarev, and Chaoyang Jiang
      Langmuir2012 28 (1), 923-930

      Gold nanorods have great potential in a variety of applications because of their unique physical properties. In this article, we present the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of thin films containing positively charged gold nanorods that are covalently ...

  • Cover Image

    Deciphering Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Activity of Gold Nanoworms through Optical Correlations

    Hai-nan Xie, Iain A. Larmour, Vasiliki Tileli, Ai Leen Koh, David W. McComb, Karen Faulds, and Duncan Graham
    The Journal of Physical Chemistry C2011 115 (42), 20515-20522
    • Deciphering Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Activity of Gold Nanoworms through Optical Correlations

      Hai-nan Xie, Iain A. Larmour, Vasiliki Tileli, Ai Leen Koh, David W. McComb, Karen Faulds, and Duncan Graham
      The Journal of Physical Chemistry C2011 115 (42), 20515-20522

      Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) “hot spots” are the regions where the electromagnetic field is significantly enhanced, resulting in much greater SERS activity than other areas. Therefore, the engineering and characterization of “hot spots” have ...

  • Cover Image

    Dynamic Imaging Analysis of SERS-Active Nanoparticle Clusters in Suspension

    Alastair W. Wark, Robert J. Stokes, Steven B. Darby, W. Ewen Smith, and Duncan Graham
    The Journal of Physical Chemistry C2010 114 (42), 18115-18120
    • Dynamic Imaging Analysis of SERS-Active Nanoparticle Clusters in Suspension

      Alastair W. Wark, Robert J. Stokes, Steven B. Darby, W. Ewen Smith, and Duncan Graham
      The Journal of Physical Chemistry C2010 114 (42), 18115-18120

      A novel wide-field approach for the real-time Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) imaging of multiple silver nanoparticle clusters suspended in solution is described. This method enables direct correlation of the SERS activity of a single ...

  • Cover Image

    Precise Control of the Assembly of Dye-Coded Oligonucleotide Silver Nanoparticle Conjugates with Single Base Mismatch Discrimination Using Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering

    David G. Thompson, Karen Faulds, W. Ewen Smith and Duncan Graham
    The Journal of Physical Chemistry C2010 114 (16), 7384-7389
    • Precise Control of the Assembly of Dye-Coded Oligonucleotide Silver Nanoparticle Conjugates with Single Base Mismatch Discrimination Using Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering

      David G. Thompson, Karen Faulds, W. Ewen Smith and Duncan Graham
      The Journal of Physical Chemistry C2010 114 (16), 7384-7389

      The control of the assembly of nanostructures of dye-coded oligonucleotide−silver nanoparticle (DOSN) conjugates (silver nanoparticles cofunctionalized with thiol modified DNA and a Raman reporter molecule) in a sandwich assay format with single base ...

  • Cover Image

    Novel Approach for the Assembly of Highly Efficient SERS Substrates

    Aline Cerf, Gábor Molnár and Christophe Vieu
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces2009 1 (11), 2544-2550
    • Novel Approach for the Assembly of Highly Efficient SERS Substrates

      Aline Cerf, Gábor Molnár and Christophe Vieu
      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces2009 1 (11), 2544-2550

      In this paper we present the properties of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates elaborated by a low-cost approach. Our methodology relying on capillary assembly and soft lithography allows us to generate periodic two-dimensional (2D) ...

Tools

SciFinder Links

SciFinder subscribers:  Click to sign in | Not a SciFinder subscriber? Learn more at www.cas.org

Explore by:


History

  • Published In Issue January 01, 2006
  • Received for review June 29, 2005. Accepted October 19, 2005.

Recommend & Share

  • Share on ACS NetworkACS Network
  • Add to FacebookFacebook
  • Tweet ThisTweet This
  • Add to CiteULikeCiteULike
  • Add to NewsvineNewsvine
  • Digg ThisDigg This
  • Add to DeliciousDelicious

Related Content

Other ACS content by these authors: