This chapter offers an overview of biopolymer-based lightweight materials with respect to their potential for packaging applications. Biopolymer-based materials have garnered increasing attention from packaging markets due to concerns in recent years from both environmental and economic perspectives of traditional petroleum-based polymers. The extensive use of these traditional synthetic polymers has already resulted in serious ecological problems. Recently, biopolymers have been increasingly found in applications such as food, pharmaceutical, and consumer goods packaging, since they are from or partially from renewable resources and potential to be biodegradable and/or compostable. In this review, the classification of biopolymers is introduced according to their production methods or origin resources of materials. Then, the advantages and challenges of these biopolymers over conventional synthetic polymers are compared. Several important biopolymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), starch, and cellulose are discussed in details. The chemical structures, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and recycling of these biopolymers are summarized. In the second part of this review, biofibers, and biocomposites are also discussed since they are important biomaterials for packaging applications.