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Reactions in High-Temperature Aqueous Media

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Alan R. Katritzky,*^‖ Daniel A. Nichols,^‖ Michael Siskin,^‡ Ramiah Murugan,^§ and Marudai Balasubramanian^§

Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Corporate Strategic Research Laboratory, 1545 Route 22 East, Clinton Township, Annandale, New Jersey 08801-3059, and Reilly Industries, Inc., 1500 South Tibbs Avenue, P.O. Box 42912, Indianapolis, Indiana 46242

Chem. Rev., 2001, 101 (4), pp 837–892

DOI: 10.1021/cr960103t

Publication Date (Web): March 22, 2001

Section:

General Organic Chemistry

I. Introduction to Model Compound Studies
- A. Scope
- B. Organization
- C. Role of Additives
II. Hydrocarbons and Heterocycles without Functional Groups
- A. Aliphatic and Alicyclic Hydrocarbons1. Alkanes
2. Alkenes
3. Alkynes
4. Terpenes
5. Steroids
- B. Benzenoid Hydrocarbons, Including Alkyl-, Alkenyl-, and Alkynyl-Substituted
1. Monocyclic
2. Polycyclic
- C. Pyridines, Benzopyridines, and Alkyl and Aryl Derivatives1. Pyridine, Alkylpyridines, and Arylpyridines
2. Quinolines, Isoquinolines, and 2-Methylquinolines
3. Acridine and Phenanthridine
4. Pyridine and Benzopyridine N-Oxides
- D. Pyrroles, Benzopyrroles, and Alkyl Derivatives1. Monocyclic Pyrroles
2. Indoles
3. Other Fused Indoles
- E. Thiophenes, Benzothiophenes, and Aryl Derivatives
- F. Furans and Benzofurans
- G. Heterocycles with Two or More Heteroatoms
III. Compounds with Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups
- A. Phenols and Ethers1. Monocyclic Phenols
2. Naphthols and Other Fused Aromatic Alcohols
3. Diaryl Ethers
4. Aryl Alkyl and Aryl Benzyl Ethers
- B. Aliphatic Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds1. Alcohols
2. Aldehydes and Ketones
3. Carboxylic Acids
4. Olefinic Carboxylic Acids
5. Esters
- C. Oxygen Functionality α to Benzenoid or Heterocyclic Rings1. Introduction
2. 3-Pyridyl Systems
3. 2-Pyridyl Systems
4. 4-Pyridyl Systems
5. Monosubstituted Benzenes
6. Polycyclic Benzenoids
- D. Oxygen-Functionality in Two-Carbon Side Chains1. Oxygenated at the β-Position
2. Oxygenated at the α-Position
3. Oxygenated at Both the α- and β-Positions
IV. Compounds with Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups
- A. Aliphatic Amines
- B. Benzylamines and Pyridylmethylamines
- C. Nitriles
- D. Amides
- E. Anilines and Aminopyridines1. C-Monosubstituted Anilines
2. N-Alkylanilines
3. N,N-Dialkylanilines
4. Polysubstituted Anilines
5. Aminopyridines
- F. Nitro Compounds
V.Compounds with Sulfur-Containing Functional Groups
- A. Aliphatic Thiols1. Alkylthiols
2. Phenylalkylthiols [Ph(CH2)1-3SH]
- B. Arylthiols
- C. Sulfides and Disulfides
1. Dialkyl Sulfides
2. Aryl Alkyl Sulfides
3. Diaryl Sulfides
4. Disulfides
- D. Sulfoxides and Sulfones
- E. Sulfonic Acids
VI. Compounds Containing Other Elements
- A. Organophosphorus
- B. Organoarsenic
- C. Halogens
VII. Conclusions
VIII. Acknowledgments
IX. References

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Published In Issue April 11, 2001
Received March 24, 2000

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Reactions in High-Temperature Aqueous Media

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