Review
Bacteriorhodopsin as a Photochromic Retinal Protein for Optical Memories
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- I. Introduction
- II. Biological Function and Structure of Bacteriorhodopsin
- A. Halobacteria and Their Ecological Niche
- B. Purple Membranethe Biological Solar Cell of Halobacteria
- C. BacteriorhodopsinStructure and Photocycle
- 1. Structure of BR
- 2. Molecular Function and Photocycle of BR
- III. Overview on Technical Applications Suggested for Bacteriorhodopsin
- A. Photoelectric, Photochromic, and Charge Transport Applications
- B. Miscellaneous Applications
- C. Patents on Bacteriorhodopsin Materials and Applications
- IV. Bacteriorhodopsin as a Photochromic Molecular Material
- A. Modeling the Photoresponse of Bacteriorhodopsin
- B. Modification of the Photochromic Properties of Bacteriorhodopsin
- C. Relation between Changes of Absorption and Refractive Index
- D. One-Photon and Two-Photon Excitation of Bacteriorhodopsin
- E. Optical Recording Media Made from Bacteriorhodopsin
- V. Data Storage Applications
- A. 2-D Data Storage
- B. 3-D Data Storage
- C. Holographic Storage and Associative Memories
- D. Conclusions
- VI. Information Processing
- A. Nonlinear Filtering
- 1. Contrast Enhancement
- 2. Fourier Filtering
- B. Neural Networks
- C. Spatial Light Modulators
- D. Phase Conjugation
- E. Pattern Recognition
- F. Holographic Interferometry
- G. Conclusions
- VII. Summary
- VIII. Abbreviations
- IX. Acknowledgments
- X. References
Citing Articles
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This article has been cited by 38 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).

Molecular Scale Conductance Photoswitching in Engineered Bacteriorhodopsin
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Olivia Berthoumieu, Amol V. Patil, Wang Xi, Lubica Aslimovska, Jason J. Davis, and Anthony WattsNano Letters2012 12 (2), 899-903Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is a robust light-driven proton pump embedded in the purple membrane of the extremophilic archae Halobacterium salinarium. Its photoactivity remains in the dry state, making BR of significant interest for nanotechnological use. Here,...

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Amol V. Patil, Thenhuan Premaruban, Olivia Berthoumieu, Anthony Watts, and Jason J. DavisThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B2012 116 (1), 683-689The integration of the transmembrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR) with man-made electrode surfaces has attracted a great deal of interest for some two decades or more and holds significant promise from the perspective of derived photoresponse or energy ...

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Chun-Guang Liu, Zhong-Min Su, Xiao-Hui Guan, and Shabbir MuhammadThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C2011 115 (48), 23946-23954The switching of second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties for a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative across the six stable states has been studied by using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The redox-active TTF unit and a ...

Measuring Photochemical Kinetics in Submonolayer Films by Transient ATR Spectroscopy on a Multimode Planar Waveguide
Anne M. Simon, Nicole E. Marucci, and S. Scott SaavedraAnalytical Chemistry2011 83 (14), 5762-5766Measuring Photochemical Kinetics in Submonolayer Films by Transient ATR Spectroscopy on a Multimode Planar Waveguide
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Solvent Dependence of Structure, Charge Distribution, and Absorption Spectrum in the Photochromic Merocyanine−Spiropyran Pair
N. Arul Murugan, Swapan Chakrabarti, and Hans ÅgrenThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B2011 115 (14), 4025-4032Solvent Dependence of Structure, Charge Distribution, and Absorption Spectrum in the Photochromic Merocyanine−Spiropyran Pair
N. Arul Murugan, Swapan Chakrabarti, and Hans ÅgrenThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B2011 115 (14), 4025-4032We have studied the structures and absorption spectra of merocyanine, the photoresponsive isomer of the spiropyran (SP) −merocyanine (MC) pair, in chloroform and in water solvents using a combined hybrid QM/MM Car−Parrinello molecular dynamics (CP-QM/MM) ...
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- Published In Issue May 10, 2000
- Received July 26, 1999
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