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Applications of the Gibbs Function to Chemical Systems and Subsystems

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Richard M. Noyes

University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253

J. Chem. Educ., 1996, 73 (5), p 404

DOI: 10.1021/ed073p404

Publication Date (Web): May 1, 1996

Section:

History, Education, and Documentation

Abstract

The Gibbs Function, G, cannot even be defined except for a system such that the temperature, T, and pressure, P, are uniform. Any systems for which G is calculated must consist only of regions of fluid, or else any regions of solid must be totally isotropic. For any change of state, T and P must also be the same for both the initial and final states. Therefore, it is not possible to calculate Delta G for the change of state in the Bates-Tykodi System which includes a container which is a strained solid. Willard Gibbs himself recognized this constraint of uniform pressure when he first presented the function which now bears his name, but many subsequent textbooks have overlooked it.