Cart
Article
Why the 4s Orbital Is Occupied before the 3d
Hi-Res PDFPurchase the full-text
- PDF/HTML,
figures/images,
references and tables,
(where available)
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the difference between the total energies of two electronic configurations can be expressed as an orbital energy difference, provided that the configurations differ only in the assignment of one electron and that each of the energies of the differentiating orbitals corresponds to an ionization energy in its own configuration. With orbital energies defined this way, there is nothing paradoxical about 4s being preferred to 3d in the transition series. The vacant 3d orbitals are not available at a lower energy than the occupied 4s.
Keywords (Audience):
Second-Year UndergraduateKeywords (Domain):
Inorganic ChemistryKeywords (Subject):
Atomic Properties / StructureCiting Articles
Citation data is made available by participants in CrossRef's Cited-by Linking service. For a more comprehensive list of citations to this article, users are encouraged to perform a search in SciFinder.
This article has been cited by 14 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).
Theoretical Basis and Correct Explanation of the Periodic System: Review and Update
W. H. Eugen Schwarz, Ronald L. RichJournal of Chemical Education2010 87 (4), 435-443Theoretical Basis and Correct Explanation of the Periodic System: Review and Update
W. H. Eugen Schwarz, Ronald L. RichJournal of Chemical Education2010 87 (4), 435-443Long-standing questions on the theoretical basis of the periodic system have been answered in recent years. A specific type of periodicity is imposed on all elements by the main groups just before and after the noble gasses. The upper np shells of these ...
The Full Story of the Electron Configurations of the Transition Elements
W. H. Eugen SchwarzJournal of Chemical Education2010 87 (4), 444-448The Full Story of the Electron Configurations of the Transition Elements
W. H. Eugen SchwarzJournal of Chemical Education2010 87 (4), 444-448The dominant electronic valence configurations of atoms in chemical substances of a transition element of group G in period n is (n − 1)dGns0. Transition-metal chemistry is d orbital chemistry. In contrast, the ground states of free, unbound atoms derive, ...
Philosophy of Chemistry—A New Interdisciplinary Field?
Eric R. ScerriJournal of Chemical Education2000 77 (4), 522Philosophy of Chemistry—A New Interdisciplinary Field?
Eric R. ScerriJournal of Chemical Education2000 77 (4), 522Chemistry and philosophy, which may seem to be very different disciplines, have recently undergone a rapprochement with the rebirth of philosophy of chemistry. This article discusses recent developments in this new interdisciplinary field, including work ...
The Nature of the Bonding in Transition-Metal Compounds
Gernot Frenking and Nikolaus FröhlichChemical Reviews2000 100 (2), 717-774The Nature of the Bonding in Transition-Metal Compounds
Gernot Frenking and Nikolaus FröhlichChemical Reviews2000 100 (2), 717-774
ΔG and ∂G/∂ξ, and the Physical Meaning of a Derivative (author's reply)
J. N. SpencerJournal of Chemical Education1999 76 (9), 1188ΔG and ∂G/∂ξ, and the Physical Meaning of a Derivative (author's reply)
J. N. SpencerJournal of Chemical Education1999 76 (9), 1188Discussion of the relationship between the mathematical and physical aspects of ∂G/∂ξ.
Full Text HTMLTools
-
Add to Favorites
-
Download Citation
-
Email a Colleague -
Permalink
Order Reprints
Rights & Permissions
Citation Alerts
History
- Received: August 03, 2009
ACS
Network
Facebook
Tweet This
CiteULike
Newsvine
Digg This
Delicious
