Prev. Article Next Article Table of Contents

Article

Hard and Soft Acid-Base Behavior in Aqueous Solution: Steric Effects Make Some Metal Ions Hard: A Quantitative Scale of Hardness-Softness for Acids and Bases

Citing Articles

Your current credentials do not allow retrieval of the full text.

Purchase the full-text

PDF/HTML,
figures/images,
references and tables,
(where available)

Robert D. Hancock and Arthur E. Martell

Departments of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa

J. Chem. Educ., 1996, 73 (7), p 654

DOI: 10.1021/ed073p654

Publication Date (Web): July 1, 1996

Section:

History, Education, and Documentation

Abstract

The idea of hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB), developed by R. G. Pearson some 30 years ago, has been used as a unifying principle in several texts. In spite of this, HSAB has remained qualitative and largely intuitive. In this article, the behaviour of HSAB in aqueous solution is addressed. A quantitative scale of hardness-softness for acids and bases is presented also.

Keywords (Audience):

Second-Year Undergraduate

Keywords (Domain):

Inorganic Chemistry

Keywords (Subject):

Quantitative Analysis

View: Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links

Citing Articles

View all 10 citing articles

Citation data is made available by participants in CrossRef's Cited-by Linking service. For a more comprehensive list of citations to this article, users are encouraged to perform a search in SciFinder.

This article has been cited by 10 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).

A Co²⁺-Selective Poly(vinyl chloride) Membrane Electrode Based on a Newly Synthesized 3,3′-(Dodecylazanediyl)bis(N-(2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl)propanamide) Compound
Mehran Ghiaci, Behzad Rezaei, Zahra Sadeghi and Javad Safaei-Ghomi
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data2010 55 (8), 2792-2798
- A Co²⁺-Selective Poly(vinyl chloride) Membrane Electrode Based on a Newly Synthesized 3,3′-(Dodecylazanediyl)bis(N-(2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl)propanamide) Compound
  Mehran Ghiaci, Behzad Rezaei, Zahra Sadeghi and Javad Safaei-Ghomi
  Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data2010 55 (8), 2792-2798
  A Co2+ ion-selective membrane sensor has been fabricated in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix based on a recently synthesized 3,3′-(dodecylazanediyl)bis(N-(2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl)propanamide) (DAEP) as a neutral carrier, sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Reactivity, Selectivity, and Aromaticity of Be₃^2- and Its Complexes
Debesh Ranjan Roy and Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A2008 112 (7), 1612-1621
- Reactivity, Selectivity, and Aromaticity of Be₃^2- and Its Complexes
  Debesh Ranjan Roy and Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
  The Journal of Physical Chemistry A2008 112 (7), 1612-1621
  The stability, reactivity, and aromaticity of the Be32- dianion and its bimetallic species are investigated. The aromaticity of these systems is analyzed in the light of the DFT-based reactivity descriptors, namely, hardness () and polarizability (), ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Electronic Structure Principles and Aromaticity
P. K. Chattaraj , U. Sarkar and D. R. Roy
Journal of Chemical Education2007 84 (2), 354
- Electronic Structure Principles and Aromaticity
  P. K. Chattaraj , U. Sarkar and D. R. Roy
  Journal of Chemical Education2007 84 (2), 354
  Principles of minimum energy, minimum polarizability, minimum electrophilicity, and maximum hardness dictate that the aromatic molecules are associated with low energy, low polarizability, low electrophilicity, and high hardness values. The antiaromatic ...
  Abstract | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Unified Approximations: A New Approach for Monoprotic Weak Acid-Base Equilibria
Harry L. Pardue , Ihab N. Odeh and Teweldemedhin M. Tesfai
Journal of Chemical Education2004 81 (9), 1367
- Unified Approximations: A New Approach for Monoprotic Weak Acid-Base Equilibria
  Harry L. Pardue , Ihab N. Odeh and Teweldemedhin M. Tesfai
  Journal of Chemical Education2004 81 (9), 1367
  This article describes a new approach to approximate calculations for monoprotic acid–base equilibria in otherwise pure water. The new approach, identified herein as unified approximations, uses a simple decision criterion to select between situations ...
  Abstract | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Metal Complexes of N-Benzamidoporphyrin: (N-Benzimido-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato)(methanol)zinc(II) Methanol Solvate and (Acetato)(N-benzamido-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato)cadmium(II) Benzene Solvate
Fuh-An Yang, Jyh-Horung Chen, Hsi-Ying Hsieh, Shanmugam Elango, and Lian-Pin Hwang
Inorganic Chemistry2003 42 (15), 4603-4609
- Metal Complexes of N-Benzamidoporphyrin: (N-Benzimido-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato)(methanol)zinc(II) Methanol Solvate and (Acetato)(N-benzamido-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato)cadmium(II) Benzene Solvate
  Fuh-An Yang, Jyh-Horung Chen, Hsi-Ying Hsieh, Shanmugam Elango, and Lian-Pin Hwang
  Inorganic Chemistry2003 42 (15), 4603-4609
  The crystal structures of N-benzamido-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (NHCOC6H5-Htpp; 1), (N-benzimido-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato)(methanol)zinc(II) [Zn(N-NCOC6H5-tpp)(MeOH); 2(MeOH)], and (acetato)(N-benzamido-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato)cadmium(II) [Cd(N-...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links