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Entropy Diagrams

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Norman C. Craig

Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074

J. Chem. Educ., 1996, 73 (8), p 710

DOI: 10.1021/ed073p710

Publication Date (Web): August 1, 1996

Section:

History, Education, and Documentation

Abstract

New displays, called entropy diagrams, show graphically how entropy changes compete in physicochemical processes. Examples of entropy diagrams are given for an equilibrium vaporization, a spontaneous evaporation into a vacuum, a vapor-pressure lowering due to the presence of an involatile solute, a chemical reaction under standard-state conditions and at equilibrium, an osmotic equilibrium, and an electrochemical equilibrium in a galvanic cell. On these diagrams entropy contributions due to standard-state changes, dilutions, and energy exchanges with thermal reservoirs are shown algebraically as well as diagrammatically. Entropy diagrams are useful for illustrating entropy analyses in which all transformations of matter and energy are related to entropy effects.

Keywords (Audience):

Graduate Education / Research

Keywords (Domain):

Physical Chemistry

Keywords (Subject):

Thermodynamics

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This article has been cited by 8 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).

The “Global” Formulation of Thermodynamics and the First Law: 50 Years On
Eric A. Gislason and Norman C. Craig
Journal of Chemical Education2011 88 (11), 1525-1530
- The “Global” Formulation of Thermodynamics and the First Law: 50 Years On
  Eric A. Gislason and Norman C. Craig
  Journal of Chemical Education2011 88 (11), 1525-1530
  Nearly 50 years ago, Henry Bent published his groundbreaking article in this Journal introducing the “global” formulation of thermodynamics. In the following years, the global formulation was elaborated by Bent and by one of the present authors. The ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Understanding Chemical Equilibrium Using Entropy Analysis: The Relationship Between ΔS_tot(sys^o) and the Equilibrium Constant
Thomas H. Bindel
Journal of Chemical Education2010 87 (7), 694-699
- Understanding Chemical Equilibrium Using Entropy Analysis: The Relationship Between ΔS_tot(sys^o) and the Equilibrium Constant
  Thomas H. Bindel
  Journal of Chemical Education2010 87 (7), 694-699
  Entropy analyses as a function of the extent of reaction are presented for a number of physicochemical processes, including vaporization of a liquid, dimerization of nitrogen dioxide, and the autoionization of water. Graphs of the total entropy change ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Why Do Two Objects at Different Temperatures Come to a Common Intermediate Temperature When Put in Contact? Entropy Is Maximized.
Eric A. Gislason , Norman C. Craig
Journal of Chemical Education2006 83 (6), 885
- Why Do Two Objects at Different Temperatures Come to a Common Intermediate Temperature When Put in Contact? Entropy Is Maximized.
  Eric A. Gislason , Norman C. Craig
  Journal of Chemical Education2006 83 (6), 885
  A classic problem in thermodynamics is to place two objects with different heat capacities and different temperatures in thermal contact and ask what is the final common temperature. Normally, this temperature is found using the first law of ...
  Abstract | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Let's Drive "Driving Force" Out of Chemistry
Norman C. Craig
Journal of Chemical Education2005 82 (6), 827
- Let's Drive "Driving Force" Out of Chemistry
  Norman C. Craig
  Journal of Chemical Education2005 82 (6), 827
  "Driving force" is identified as a misleading concept in analyzing spontaneous change. Driving force wrongly suggests that Newtonian mechanics and determinism control and explain spontaneous processes. The usefulness of the competition of ΔH versus ΔS in ...
  Abstract | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Teaching Entropy Analysis in the First-Year High School Course and Beyond
Thomas H. Bindel
Journal of Chemical Education2004 81 (11), 1585
- Teaching Entropy Analysis in the First-Year High School Course and Beyond
  Thomas H. Bindel
  Journal of Chemical Education2004 81 (11), 1585
  A 16-day teaching unit is presented that develops chemical thermodynamics at the introductory high school level and beyond from exclusively an entropy viewpoint referred to as entropy analysis. Many concepts are presented, such as: entropy, spontaneity, ...
  Abstract | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links