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The Chemistry of Paper Preservation: Part 4. Alkaline Paper

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Henry A. Carter

Department of Chemistry, Augustana University College, 4901-46 Avenue, Camrose, AB Canada T4V 2R3

J. Chem. Educ., 1997, 74 (5), p 508

DOI: 10.1021/ed074p508

Publication Date (Web): May 1, 1997

Section:

History, Education, and Documentation

Abstract

The inherent instability of old papers is largely due to the presence of acids which catalyze the hydrolytic degradation of cellulose. The use of alkaline paper can minimize the problem of acidity for new papers. This study focuses on the chemistry involved in the sizing of both acid and alkaline papers and the types of fillers used. The waterproofing agent that is used in acid paper is alum-precipitated rosin size, which tends to spread and create a hydrophobic surfaces over the cellulose fibers. Alkaline paper uses the synthetic sizing agents, alkyl ketene dimers(AKD) and alkyl succinic anhydrides (ASA). These alkaline sizing agents become chemically bound to the cellulose fibers with hydrophobic chains pointing outward, producing a water repellent surface. The sizing reactions take place in a neutral-to-alkaline medium. Calcium carbonate can then be used as a filler to replace expensive titanium dioxide. Finally, the advantages and potential problems in alkaline paper making are discussed.

Keywords (Audience):

First-Year Undergraduate / General

Keywords (Domain):

Organic Chemistry

Keywords (Subject):

Acids / Bases

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This article has been cited by 1 ACS Journal articles (1 most recent appear below).

The Chemistry of Paper Preservation. Part 5. Permanent Paper
Henry A. Carter
Journal of Chemical Education2007 84 (12), 1937
- The Chemistry of Paper Preservation. Part 5. Permanent Paper
  Henry A. Carter
  Journal of Chemical Education2007 84 (12), 1937
  The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose accounts for the deterioration of paper in library books and other written records. To combat this threat to our written heritage, new permanent papers have been developed that are relatively chemically stable ...
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