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An Analysis of the Algebraic Method for Balancing Chemical Reactions
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Abstract
An analysis of the algebraic method of balancing chemical reactions is presented. A new aspect of this treatment is the mathematical formulation of a third condition involving a balance between oxidation and reduction. The treatment begins with the three general conditions that a balanced chemical reaction must satisfy. These conditions are then expressed in mathematical form that enables the stoichiometric coefficients to be determined. The mathematical form is in terms of linear algebraic equations involving the unknown stoichiometric coefficients. The overall strategy is to generate as many algebraic equations as possible from the three conditions which in most cases generates a linear dependent (i. e. over complete) set of equations. It is shown that the atom balance condition generates as many equations as there are elements in the reaction, the charge balance generates one equation and that the oxidation reduction balance generates at most six equations.
This over complete set of equations is an advantage in that not all equations (hopefully the more complicated ones) are needed to solve the problem. The oxidation reduction balance is based on assigning oxidation numbers so that this procedure is most useful for reactions where this can be done.
Keywords (Audience):
First-Year Undergraduate / GeneralKeywords (Subject):
Oxidation / ReductionCiting Articles
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This article has been cited by 10 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).
Systems of Chemical Equations as Reasonable Reaction Mechanisms
Sergey V. DorozhkinJournal of Chemical Education2001 78 (7), 917Systems of Chemical Equations as Reasonable Reaction Mechanisms
Sergey V. DorozhkinJournal of Chemical Education2001 78 (7), 917This paper demonstrates that chemical equations may be operated like a kind of LEGO game, with construction of the systems of chemical equations. In my teaching experience, these systems of chemical equations are able to help students to understand the ...
Solving Incomplete Inorganic Chemical Systems through a Fuzzy Knowledge Frame
I. Luque Ruiz, C. Martínez Pedrajas, and M. A. Gómez-NietoJournal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences2001 41 (1), 83-99Solving Incomplete Inorganic Chemical Systems through a Fuzzy Knowledge Frame
I. Luque Ruiz, C. Martínez Pedrajas, and M. A. Gómez-NietoJournal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences2001 41 (1), 83-99A model for the completion and balancing of inconsistent inorganic reactions is presented. A series of fuzzy parameters is proposed. These parameters are considered within a knowledge frame representing inorganic reactions via a semantic/functional ...
Design and Development of Computer-Aided Chemical Systems: Representation and Balance of Inorganic Chemical Reactions
I. Luque Ruiz, C. Martínez-Pedrajas, and M. A. Gómez-NietoJournal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences2000 40 (3), 744-752Design and Development of Computer-Aided Chemical Systems: Representation and Balance of Inorganic Chemical Reactions
I. Luque Ruiz, C. Martínez-Pedrajas, and M. A. Gómez-NietoJournal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences2000 40 (3), 744-752A model for the tracking of inorganic chemical reactions is proposed. Designed to acquire, process, and solve a great number of inorganic reactions, this model will hopefully contribute to the development of powerful computer-aided chemistry teaching ...
Oxidation Numbers
Gion CalzaferriJournal of Chemical Education1999 76 (3), 362Oxidation Numbers
Gion CalzaferriJournal of Chemical Education1999 76 (3), 362Assigning oxidation numbers to organic compounds and Jørgensen's axioms.
Corrections
Sally SolomonJournal of Chemical Education1998 75 (3), 258Corrections
Sally SolomonJournal of Chemical Education1998 75 (3), 258Correction to chemical equation.
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- Received: August 03, 2009
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