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Non-ideality and Ion Association in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions: Overview and a Simple Experimental Approach

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Margaret R. Wright , Iain L. J. Patterson and Kenneth D. M. Harris

The University of Birmingham, School of Chemistry, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UNITED KINGDOM

J. Chem. Educ., 1998, 75 (3), p 352

DOI: 10.1021/ed075p352

Publication Date (Web): March 1, 1998

Section:

History, Education, and Documentation

Abstract

The concepts of ion association and non-ideality in aqueous electrolyte solutions are introduced, with particular emphasis on the way in which they influence the dependence of molar conductivity on concentration. As the Fuoss-Onsager extended conductance equation provides a good description of the dependence of molar conductivity on concentration for a non-ideal solution in which there is no ion association, deviations from the behaviour predicted by this equation can be taken as qualitative evidence for the occurrence of ion association. In this way, we demonstrate that conductivity data measured using basic equipment can provide clear evidence for ion association, and can readily form the basis of an experiment for the undergraduate teaching laboratory with the objective of introducing students to the concepts of ion association and non-ideality in aqueous electrolyte solutions as well as providing an introduction to the essential techniques for the experimental measurement of conductivity.

Keywords (Audience):

Upper-Division Undergraduate

Keywords (Domain):

Physical Chemistry

Keywords (Pedagogy):

Hands-On Learning / Manipulatives

Keywords (Subject):

Conductivity

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