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Experiments with Zeolites at the Secondary School Level: Experience from The Netherlands
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Abstract
This article describes a number of experiments that involve zeolites and are suitable for secondary-school chemistry laboratories. The experiments have been introduced successfully into secondary schools in The Netherlands. Zeolites are used in enormous quantities as builders (water softeners) in laundry detergents; they account for 15-30 wt % of most laundry detergents currently on the European market. In a series of experiments, students test the hardness of tap water before and after treatment with some zeolite and perform tests with a range of commercial laundry detergents containing zeolites. Zeolites are also used as catalysts in numerous industrial processes; another experiment described here highlights the use of zeolites as recyclable catalysts in an esterification reaction. A duplicate reaction is carried out in parallel, but using the conventional sulfuric acid catalyst instead of the zeolite. This experiment provides a good example of the benefit of a recyclable, heterogeneous catalyst over the conventional homogeneous one that is discarded as waste material.
Keywords (Audience):
High School / Introductory ChemistryKeywords (Domain):
Laboratory InstructionKeywords (Pedagogy):
Hands-On Learning / ManipulativesKeywords (Subject):
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This article has been cited by 5 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).
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- Received: August 03, 2009
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