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The Softening of Hard Water and Complexometric Titrations. An Undergraduate Experiment

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Helena Ceretti , Enrique A. Hughes and Anita Zalts

Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Instituto de Ciencias - Área Química, Roca 850, 1663 San Miguel, Prov. Bs. As., Argentina

J. Chem. Educ., 1999, 76 (10), p 1420

DOI: 10.1021/ed076p1420

Publication Date (Web): October 1, 1999

Abstract

A 2-hour experiment for undergraduates is presented in which (i) water hardness is explained and demonstrated; (ii) ion-exchange resin properties are visually demonstrated and then used for softening water; (iii) complexometric titrations are used for evaluating water hardness before and after softening; and (iv) acid-base titration can be used to show that the Ca/Mg ions removed by the ion exchanger are replaced by H ions.

Keywords (Audience):

First-Year Undergraduate / General

Keywords (Domain):

Analytical Chemistry

Keywords (Pedagogy):

Hands-On Learning / Manipulatives

Keywords (Subject):

Ion Exchange

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