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Electropolymerized Conducting Polymers as Glucose Sensors

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Omowunmi A. Sadik , Sharin Brenda , Patrick Joasil and John Lord

SUNY at Binghamton, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 6016, Binghamton, NY 13902-6016

J. Chem. Educ., 1999, 76 (7), p 967

DOI: 10.1021/ed076p967

Publication Date (Web): July 1, 1999

Section:

History, Education, and Documentation

Abstract

Conducting polymers are of considerable interest. Their electrochemical synthesis requires only inexpensive starting materials and low-cost equipment. This paper presents a laboratory-based experiment for possible inclusion in the undergraduate instrumental analysis laboratory curriculum. The objectives are to perform cyclic voltammetry on electropolymerized conducting polymers, to observe the effects of various parameters on the voltammogram obtained, and to perform quantitative analysis of glucose. In a typical experiment, glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) was immobilized at an electrode surface by the electropolymerization of pyrrole from an aqueous solution containing the enzyme. The chemical activity of the immobilized GOx was evaluated by indirectly monitoring glucose oxidation using the electropolymerized PPy-modified electrode. The amount of glucose present was then determined by observing the rate at which hydrogen peroxide was produced. The magnitude of the current was linearly proportional to the concentration of glucose over the range 1 x 10^-3 to 5 x 10^-5M. The limit of detection was estimated at 3 times the background noise, 8 x 10^-5 M glucose. The Michaelis-Menten parameters, K_m and V_max, were calculated to be approximately 1.5 x 10^-3 M and 10^-9 m/s, respectively, comparable with values cited in literature. This experiment illustrates the fundamental electrochemical and biosensor concepts. It reinforces the underlying principles of dynamic electrochemistry and illustrates the potential of using conducting polymers for analytical applications. The simple low-cost procedure employed should be attractive for undergraduate research projects, particularly in departments with modest means.

Keywords (Audience):

Upper-Division Undergraduate

Keywords (Domain):

Biochemistry

Keywords (Pedagogy):

Hands-On Learning / Manipulatives

Keywords (Subject):

Instrumental Methods

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This article has been cited by 16 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).

Growth Patterns of Dendrimers and Electric Potential Oscillations during Electropolymerization of Pyrrole using Mono- and Mixed Surfactants
Ishwar Das, Neha Goel, Namita R. Agrawal, and Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B2010 114 (40), 12888-12896
- Growth Patterns of Dendrimers and Electric Potential Oscillations during Electropolymerization of Pyrrole using Mono- and Mixed Surfactants
  Ishwar Das, Neha Goel, Namita R. Agrawal, and Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
  The Journal of Physical Chemistry B2010 114 (40), 12888-12896
  Fractal and dendrimer growth patterns of polypyrrole were obtained during electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in systems (A) pyrrole−sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDS)−water and (B) pyrrole−NaDS−cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)−water. Different ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Regiochemistry of Poly(3-hexylthiophene): Synthesis and Investigation of a Conducting Polymer
Ted M. Pappenfus, David L. Hermanson, Stuart G. Kohl, Jacob H. Melby, Laura M. Thoma and Nancy E. Carpenter, Demetrio A. da Silva Filho and Jean-Luc Bredas
Journal of Chemical Education2010 87 (5), 522-525
- Regiochemistry of Poly(3-hexylthiophene): Synthesis and Investigation of a Conducting Polymer
  Ted M. Pappenfus, David L. Hermanson, Stuart G. Kohl, Jacob H. Melby, Laura M. Thoma and Nancy E. Carpenter, Demetrio A. da Silva Filho and Jean-Luc Bredas
  Journal of Chemical Education2010 87 (5), 522-525
  A series of experiments for undergraduate laboratory courses (e.g., organic, polymer, inorganic) have been developed. These experiments focus on understanding the regiochemistry of the conducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The substitution ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of a pH-Responsive and Electrochromic Thin Film
Daniel J. Schmidt, Eric M. Pridgen, Paula T. Hammond and J. Christopher Love
Journal of Chemical Education2010 87 (2), 208-211
- Layer-by-Layer Assembly of a pH-Responsive and Electrochromic Thin Film
  Daniel J. Schmidt, Eric M. Pridgen, Paula T. Hammond and J. Christopher Love
  Journal of Chemical Education2010 87 (2), 208-211
  This article summarizes an experiment on thin-film fabrication with layer-by-layer assembly that is appropriate for undergraduate laboratory courses. The purpose of this experiment is to teach students about self-assembly in the context of thin films and ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Crystallization of β-d-Glucose and Analysis with a Simple Glucose Biosensor
José I. Reyes-de-Corcuera , Michael A. Teruel and Daniel M. Jenkins
Journal of Chemical Education2009 86 (8), 959
- Crystallization of β-d-Glucose and Analysis with a Simple Glucose Biosensor
  José I. Reyes-de-Corcuera , Michael A. Teruel and Daniel M. Jenkins
  Journal of Chemical Education2009 86 (8), 959
  A simple method to crystallize β-D-glucose using reagents and equipment common to any chemistry laboratory is described. The crystals are analyzed with a glucose electrode prepared by entrapping glucose oxidase in a poly-ortho-phenylenediamine film on a ...
  Abstract | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Fractal Growth Kinetics and Electric Potential Oscillations during Electropolymerization of Pyrrole
Ishwar Das, Namita R. Agrawal, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, Sujeet Kumar Gupta and R. P. Rastogi
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A2009 113 (18), 5296-5301
- Fractal Growth Kinetics and Electric Potential Oscillations during Electropolymerization of Pyrrole
  Ishwar Das, Namita R. Agrawal, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, Sujeet Kumar Gupta and R. P. Rastogi
  The Journal of Physical Chemistry A2009 113 (18), 5296-5301
  Fractal growth, growth kinetics, and electrical conductivity of aggregates obtained during electropolymerization in the systems (A) pyrrole-4-toluene sulfonic acid silver salt (4-TSS)-acetonitrile, (B) pyrrole-4-TSS-ZnSO4-acetonitrile, and (C) pyrrole-4-...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links