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Ionization Energies, Parallel Spins, and the Stability of Half-Filled Shells
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Abstract
Three methods for explaining the decrease in first ionization energies between group V and group VI elements are described and commented upon. The quantum mechanical origin of the unhelpful concept of half-shell stability is explained in terms of exchange energy, for which the alternative term parallel spin avoidance factor is suggested. It is recommended that for pre-university students the simplest explanation, in terms of Coulombic repulsion between two electrons occupying the same orbital, is adopted: it involves fewer difficult concepts than the other explanations and its predictions are no less accurate.
Keywords (Audience):
High School / Introductory ChemistryKeywords (Domain):
Inorganic ChemistryKeywords (Subject):
Atomic Properties / StructureCiting Articles
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This article has been cited by 4 ACS Journal articles (4 most recent appear below).
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Paul S. MatsumotoJournal of Chemical Education2005 82 (11), 1660Trends in Ionization Energy of Transition-Metal Elements
Paul S. MatsumotoJournal of Chemical Education2005 82 (11), 1660As the number of protons increase within a period (or row) of the periodic table, the first ionization energies of the transition-metal elements are relatively steady, while that for the main-group elements increases. The effective nuclear charge mirrors ...
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Roland SchmidJournal of Chemical Education2003 80 (8), 931The Noble Gas Configuration - Not the Driving Force but the Rule of the Game in Chemistry
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Peter F. Lang and Barry C. SmithJournal of Chemical Education2003 80 (8), 938Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions
Peter F. Lang and Barry C. SmithJournal of Chemical Education2003 80 (8), 938Less familiar aspects of ionization energies of atoms and atomic ions from s, p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table are discussed. Apparent irregularities in the first and second ionization energies of transition metals and rare earth metals are ...
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- Received: August 03, 2009
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