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The Bond Valence Model as a Tool for Teaching Inorganic Chemistry: The Ionic Model Revisited
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Abstract
The ionic model is shown to give a good description of most inorganic materials, such as salts, ceramics, and minerals, regardless of the covalent or ionic character of their bonds. The virtue of the model is its ability to treat chemical bonding using simple electrostatic theory, all the quantum mechanical effects being contained in a short-range potential that is treated empirically. By exploiting the properties of the electrostatic field, a rigorous but simple and intuitive bond model is developed (the bond valence model).This paper shows how the model can be used to explore the structural, chemical, and physical properties of inorganic compounds, including their stability and solubility. The online version of the paper explores further application, showing how the model can be used to understand hydrogen bonding, the factors that determine coordination number, and the unusual chemistry and physics of the new high-tech inorganic solids. The simplicity of the model, the insights it provides without the need for extensive computation, and its wide range of applicability make it particularly useful in teaching as well as research.
Keywords (Audience):
Second-Year UndergraduateKeywords (Domain):
Inorganic ChemistryKeywords (Subject):
Ionic BondingCiting Articles
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This article has been cited by 4 ACS Journal articles (4 most recent appear below).
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Ronald F. SeeJournal of Chemical Education2009 86 (10), 1241Two systems were evaluated for drawing Lewis structures of period 2 and 3 non-metallic compounds: the octet rule and minimization of formal charge. The test set of molecules consisted of the oxides, halides, oxohalides, oxoanions ,and oxoacids of B, N, O, ...
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Brett CriswellJournal of Chemical Education2006 83 (4), 574The call to present chemistry concepts through hands-on, inquiry-based activities has been sounded by countless individuals. While research seems to indicate that this is the most effective way to teach the subject matter, there are certain topics within ...
Bond Valence Sums in Coordination Chemistry. The Calculation of the Oxidation State of Samarium in Complexes Containing Samarium Bonded Only to Oxygen
Gus J. PalenikInorganic Chemistry2003 42 (8), 2725-2728Bond Valence Sums in Coordination Chemistry. The Calculation of the Oxidation State of Samarium in Complexes Containing Samarium Bonded Only to Oxygen
Gus J. PalenikInorganic Chemistry2003 42 (8), 2725-2728The average R0 value of 2.086 gives a good approximation of the oxidation state, either +2 or +3, of a Sm ion bonded to only oxygen ligands without any assumptions. Refinement of the calculation using new R0 values for Sm(II)O of 2.116(21) and for Sm(...
Bond Valence Sums in Coordination Chemistry. The Calculation of the Oxidation State of Cerium in Complexes Containing Cerium Bonded Only to Oxygen
Petra L. Roulhac and Gus J. PalenikInorganic Chemistry2003 42 (1), 118-121Bond Valence Sums in Coordination Chemistry. The Calculation of the Oxidation State of Cerium in Complexes Containing Cerium Bonded Only to Oxygen
Petra L. Roulhac and Gus J. PalenikInorganic Chemistry2003 42 (1), 118-121New R0 values for Ce(III)O of 2.121(13) and for Ce(IV)O of 2.068(12) are reported. Examples where the calculation of the oxidation state does not agree with the postulated value are discussed. Two examples of incorrect oxidation states for Ce are ...
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- Received: August 03, 2009
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