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Invention of the Annular Inductively Coupled Plasma as a Spectroscopic Source

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Stanley Greenfield

8 Trefusis Road, Flushing, Falmouth, Cornwall TR11 5TY, UK

J. Chem. Educ., 2000, 77 (5), p 584

DOI: 10.1021/ed077p584

Publication Date (Web): May 1, 2000

Section:

History, Education, and Documentation

Abstract

This paper shows how experiments with electrical discharges from the 18th century onward led to their use as sources in atomic spectroscopy and how the invention of the annular inductively coupled plasma (ICP) some 30 years ago arose from the need to solve a problem that necessitated the use of a high-temperature source. The search for such a source followed a fairly logical pattern involving dc plasma jets and an ICP such as had been used by T. B. Reed for crystal growing. The ellipsoidal plasma used by Reed was not entirely suitable as a spectroscopic source, since the analytical sample either mixed with the plasma gases or passed around the plasma, resulting in matrix effects and a diminution in the emission. It is shown how suitable modification of the plasma torch with attention to gas flows made it possible to produce an annular or tunnel plasma through which the sample aerosol could be passed, resulting in an annular ICP with greatly improved spectroscopic properties. The further refinements to the source and ancillary equipment are also discussed.

Keywords (Audience):

General Public

Keywords (Domain):

Analytical Chemistry

Keywords (Feature):

Waters Symposium

Keywords (Subject):

Atomic Spectroscopy

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This article has been cited by 4 ACS Journal articles (4 most recent appear below).

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Journal of Chemical Education2003 80 (1), 86
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ICP in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory: Determination of Plasma Temperature
Melissa A. Page , Benjamin W. Smith and Kathryn R. Williams
Journal of Chemical Education2002 79 (3), 364
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