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Simple and inexpensive classroom demonstrations of nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging

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Joel A. Olson , Karen J. Nordell , Marla A. Chesnik , Clark R. Landis and Arthur B. Ellis

Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1396

M. S. Rzchowski

Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1396

George C. Lisensky

Department of Chemistry, Beloit College, Beloit, WI 53511

S. Michael Condren

Department of Chemistry, Christian Brothers University, Memphis, TN 38104

James W. Long

Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253

J. Chem. Educ., 2000, 77 (7), p 882

DOI: 10.1021/ed077p882

Publication Date (Web): July 1, 2000

Abstract

Several demonstrations of resonance phenomena associated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are described. The demonstrations comprise common orienteering compasses, whose needles represent magnetic dipoles, along with three collinear permanent magnets and a magnetic stir plate or pulseable electromagnets. The trio of permanent magnets provides a laterally uniform magnetic field, whose strength decreases with distance from the magnets. Resonance can be observed by adjusting the frequency of the magnetic stirrer to match the resonant frequency of the compass needle, which is shown to depend on magnetic field strength, that is, the needle's position relative to the permanent magnets. Another demonstration involves pulsing electromagnets that apply a perpendicular magnetic field that causes the compass needles to oscillate. The effects of shielding, spin-spin coupling, magnetogyric ratio, and free induction decay can also be demonstrated. By moving the trio of permanent magnets relative to the compasses, the MRI experiment can be mimicked. Complete instructions for the construction of the demonstrations, which can be used on an overhead projector, are included.

Keywords (Audience):

Second-Year Undergraduate

Keywords (Domain):

Demonstrations

Keywords (Feature):

Tested Demonstrations

Keywords (Subject):

Instrumental Methods

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