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Microwave Ovens—Out of the Kitchen
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Abstract
We are all aware of the advantages cooking or heating meals in a microwave oven can offer, but we may be less familiar with what this technology brings to the field of chemistry. This paper reviews the applications of microwaves in the chemical laboratory, including their use in undergraduate laboratory classes. We show that microwave ovens have successfully made the transition from kitchens to laboratories and the story continues. Perhaps the greatest impact of microwaves in the laboratory over the past 20 years has been in analytical chemistry, where rapid and efficient heating of samples in closed vessels or flow-through systems has revolutionized sample preparation methodology. The use of microwaves in extraction procedures before chromatographic analysis has sharply reduced the total analysis time and has allowed larger numbers of samples to be analyzed. More recently microwave technology has expanded into other branches of chemistry and is now being used in the relatively new field of combinatorial chemistry for fast preparation of large numbers of similar compounds.
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Graduate Education / ResearchKeywords (Feature):
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Laboratory Equipment / ApparatusCiting Articles
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This article has been cited by 5 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N-Phenylsuccinimide
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Thomas A. Shell, Jennifer R. Shell, Kathleen A. Poole, and Thomas F. GuetzloffJournal of Chemical Education2011 Article ASAPA microwave-assisted synthesis of N-phenylsuccinimide has been developed for the second-semester organic teaching laboratory. Utilizing this procedure, N-phenylsuccinimide can be synthesized in moderate yields (40–60%) by heating a mixture of aniline and ...
Greener Solutions for the Organic Chemistry Teaching Lab: Exploring the Advantages of Alternative Reaction Media
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Lallie C. McKenzie , Lauren M. Huffman and James E. Hutchison , Courtney E. Rogers and Thomas E. Goodwin , Gary O. SpessardJournal of Chemical Education2009 86 (4), 488A major approach for implementing green chemistry is the discovery and development of synthetic strategies that reduce the quantity of solvent needed, eliminate it altogether, or rely on new reaction media. An increasing number of examples have ...
Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis in the Organic Teaching Lab: A Simple, Greener Wittig Reaction
Eric Martin and Cynthia Kellen-YuenJournal of Chemical Education2007 84 (12), 2004Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis in the Organic Teaching Lab: A Simple, Greener Wittig Reaction
Eric Martin and Cynthia Kellen-YuenJournal of Chemical Education2007 84 (12), 2004A greener, microwave-assisted Wittig reaction has been developed for the second-semester organic teaching laboratory. Utilizing this microwave technique, a variety of styrene derivatives have been successfully synthesized from aromatic aldehydes in good ...
A Greener Approach to Aspirin Synthesis Using Microwave Irradiation
Ingrid Montes , David Sanabria , Marilyn García , Joaudimir Castro and Johanna FajardoJournal of Chemical Education2006 83 (4), 628A Greener Approach to Aspirin Synthesis Using Microwave Irradiation
Ingrid Montes , David Sanabria , Marilyn García , Joaudimir Castro and Johanna FajardoJournal of Chemical Education2006 83 (4), 628Microwave irradiation provides a way for flash heating as an alternative to standard thermal heating in chemical reactions. This technology has been employed to drastically reduce reaction times and even modify selectivity. In addition to this feature, ...
Incorporation of Microwave Synthesis into the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory
E. Keller Barnhardt , Alan R. Katritzky , Chunming Cai , Meghan D. Collins , Eric F. V. Scriven and Sandeep K. SinghJournal of Chemical Education2006 83 (4), 634Incorporation of Microwave Synthesis into the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory
E. Keller Barnhardt , Alan R. Katritzky , Chunming Cai , Meghan D. Collins , Eric F. V. Scriven and Sandeep K. SinghJournal of Chemical Education2006 83 (4), 634As the acceptance of microwave synthesis grows, it becomes increasingly important for undergraduate chemists to fully learn about this emerging technology. Advances have made microwave use in the undergraduate laboratory safe, easy, and affordable. Herein ...
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- Received: August 03, 2009
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