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A three-dimensional model for water
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Abstract
A three-dimensional model of the water molecule was developed for the purpose of simulating some of the properties of water and ice. Four cylindrical dipole magnets were inserted and secured into small spheres at angles of 109.5° from each other. The north poles of the magnets represent the hydrogen atoms and the south poles represent the lone electron pairs of oxygen. The models can be used to demonstrate some of the properties of water, such as the formation of the ice lattice, melting under pressure, the squeezing out of nonpolar molecules in mixtures, and the flickering clusters proposed by Frank and Wen in 1957. These self-assembling models (SAMs) can be used for classroom demonstrations, which will enable students to visualize and appreciate the unique attributes of water.
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Keywords (Audience):
High School / Introductory ChemistryKeywords (Domain):
DemonstrationsKeywords (Feature):
Tested DemonstrationsKeywords (Subject):
Aqueous Solution ChemistryCiting Articles
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This article has been cited by 3 ACS Journal articles (3 most recent appear below).
Simple Dynamic Models for Hydrogen Bonding Using Velcro-Polarized Molecular Models
Emeric SchultzJournal of Chemical Education2005 82 (3), 401Simple Dynamic Models for Hydrogen Bonding Using Velcro-Polarized Molecular Models
Emeric SchultzJournal of Chemical Education2005 82 (3), 401This article describes the use of models that dynamically illustrate the unique characteristics of weak intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonds. The models clearly demonstrate that H-bonds can break and reform while covalent bonds stay ...
Three-Dimensional Model for Water: Magnets as Chemical Bonds
Roy W. ClarkJournal of Chemical Education2004 81 (1), 34Three-Dimensional Model for Water: Magnets as Chemical Bonds
Roy W. ClarkJournal of Chemical Education2004 81 (1), 34Concerns over students confusing electrical and magnetic fields.
Three-Dimensional Model for Water: Magnets as Dipoles (the authors reply)
Samuel H. Yalkowsky and Jennifer L. H. JohnsonJournal of Chemical Education2004 81 (1), 34Three-Dimensional Model for Water: Magnets as Dipoles (the authors reply)
Samuel H. Yalkowsky and Jennifer L. H. JohnsonJournal of Chemical Education2004 81 (1), 34Reply to comments on an earlier article.
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- Received: August 03, 2009
ACS
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