Colorful Azulene and Its Equally Colorful Derivatives

Robert S. H. Liu
Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822-2275
J. Chem. Educ., 2002, 79 (2), p 183
DOI: 10.1021/ed079p183
Publication Date (Web): February 1, 2002

Abstract

A simple pictorial method using HOMO, LUMO, and LUMO+1 of azulene coupled with interaction between the electrons in the singly occupied orbitals is introduced to show how the S2-S0 energy gap relative to the S1-S0 gap can be changed by a choice of substituents. The result is changing the characteristic blue color of azulene to an array of other colors: emerald green for 1,3-difluoroazulene, magenta for azulene-1-carboxaldehyde, and red for azulene-1,3-dicarboxaldehyde.

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History

  • Received: August 03, 2009

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