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Mixture Design Experiments Applied to the Formulation of Colorant Solutions

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J. M. Gozálvez

Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain

J. C. García-Díaz

Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain

J. Chem. Educ., 2006, 83 (4), p 647

DOI: 10.1021/ed083p647

Publication Date (Web): April 1, 2006

Section:

History, Education, and Documentation

Abstract

The "design of experiments" (DOE) has great importance in the chemical industry as a tool to optimize processes or product characteristics and should be included in undergraduate chemical education. DOE is used to empirically describe the influence of relevant variables (factors) on variables of the studied phenomenon (response variables). A particular case of DOE is the mixture design, where the factors are the component fractions and the responses are any characteristics of the mixture. In this article a simple laboratory that employs the mixture design is proposed to relate the proportions of predefined pure colorant solutions with the resulting color of the mixture. Three colorant solutions (tartrazine, Ponceau 4R, and indigo carmine) are mixed in different proportions and the resulting mixtures are analyzed by a spectrophotometer to obtain the color coordinates. By statistical analysis of the color a response function that relates the fractions of each solution to the resulting color is obtained. With this laboratory, students learn how to use DOE techniques to plan the appropriate experiments. In addition, students use concepts related with color measurement.

Keywords (Audience):

Upper-Division Undergraduate

Keywords (Domain):

Analytical Chemistry

Keywords (Pedagogy):

Computer-Based Learning

Keywords (Subject):

Dyes / Pigments

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