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On the Use of "Green" Metrics in the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Lecture and Lab To Assess the Mass Efficiency of Organic Reactions
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Abstract
This article describes a novel approach to evaluate the complete reaction mass efficiency (RME) and raw material cost (RMC) of any chemical transformation through the implementation of an Excel spreadsheet in a tax-form style and an easy graphical representation of the results. The complete equation for evaluating RME is presented. Students and their lab instructors will be able to see at once the material performance of their laboratory reaction and evaluate critically which of the four parameters (reaction yield, atom economy, stoichiometric factor, and material recovery parameter) needs further optimization to bring about a “greener” synthesis plan. The effect of material recovery options on RME and RMC are also given. The methodology is applied to a wide variety of organic reaction types and key trends in the material efficiency performances are summarized.
Keywords (Audience):
Graduate Education / ResearchKeywords (Domain):
Organic ChemistryKeywords (Feature):
Green ChemistryKeywords (Pedagogy):
Computer-Based LearningKeywords (Subject):
Green ChemistryCiting Articles
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This article has been cited by 9 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).
The Cyclohexanol Cycle and Synthesis of Nylon 6,6: Green Chemistry in the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory
Matthew R. Dintzner, Charles R. Kinzie, Kimberly Pulkrabek, and Anthony F. ArenaJournal of Chemical Education2012 89 (2), 262-264The Cyclohexanol Cycle and Synthesis of Nylon 6,6: Green Chemistry in the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory
Matthew R. Dintzner, Charles R. Kinzie, Kimberly Pulkrabek, and Anthony F. ArenaJournal of Chemical Education2012 89 (2), 262-264A one-term synthesis project that incorporates many of the principles of green chemistry is presented for the undergraduate organic laboratory. In this multistep scheme of reactions, students react, recycle, and ultimately convert cyclohexanol to nylon 6,...
Choosing the Greenest Synthesis: A Multivariate Metric Green Chemistry Exercise
Sean M. Mercer, John Andraos, and Philip G. JessopJournal of Chemical Education2012 89 (2), 215-220Choosing the Greenest Synthesis: A Multivariate Metric Green Chemistry Exercise
Sean M. Mercer, John Andraos, and Philip G. JessopJournal of Chemical Education2012 89 (2), 215-220The ability to correctly identify the greenest of several syntheses is a particularly useful asset for young chemists in the growing green economy. The famous univariate metrics atom economy and environmental factor provide insufficient information to ...
Metal−Acetylacetonate Synthesis Experiments: Which Is Greener?
M. Gabriela T. C. Ribeiro and Adélio A. S. C. MachadoJournal of Chemical Education2011 Article ASAPMetal−Acetylacetonate Synthesis Experiments: Which Is Greener?
M. Gabriela T. C. Ribeiro and Adélio A. S. C. MachadoJournal of Chemical Education2011 Article ASAPA procedure for teaching green chemistry through laboratory experiments is presented in which students are challenged to use the 12 principles of green chemistry to review and modify synthesis protocols to improve greenness. A global metric, green star, ...
Oxidation Numbers, Oxidants, and Redox Reactions: Variants of the Electrophilic Bromination of Alkenes and Variants of the Application of Oxone
Marco Eissen, Merle Strudthoff, Solveig Backhaus, Carolin Eismann, and Gesa Oetken, Sören Kaling, Dieter LenoirJournal of Chemical Education2011 88 (3), 284-291Oxidation Numbers, Oxidants, and Redox Reactions: Variants of the Electrophilic Bromination of Alkenes and Variants of the Application of Oxone
Marco Eissen, Merle Strudthoff, Solveig Backhaus, Carolin Eismann, and Gesa Oetken, Sören Kaling, Dieter LenoirJournal of Chemical Education2011 88 (3), 284-291Oxidation-state and donor−acceptor concepts are important areas in the chemical education. Student worksheets containing problems that emphasize oxidation numbers, redox reactions of organic compounds, and stoichiometric reaction equations are presented. ...
Solventless and One-Pot Synthesis of Cu(II) Phthalocyanine Complex: A Green Chemistry Experiment
R. K. Sharma, Chetna Sharma, and Indu Tucker SidhwaniJournal of Chemical Education2011 88 (1), 86-87Solventless and One-Pot Synthesis of Cu(II) Phthalocyanine Complex: A Green Chemistry Experiment
R. K. Sharma, Chetna Sharma, and Indu Tucker SidhwaniJournal of Chemical Education2011 88 (1), 86-87With the growing awareness of green chemistry, it is increasingly important for students to understand this concept in the context of laboratory experiments. Although microwave-assisted organic synthesis has become a common and invaluable technique in ...
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- Received: August 03, 2009
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