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An Undergraduate Experiment for the Measurement of Perfluorinated Surfactants in Fish Liver by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Abstract
Perfluorinated surfactants, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), are an emerging class of environmental contaminants that have recently received considerable attention. An undergraduate laboratory experiment to measure perfluorinated surfactants in fish liver has been developed. Fish samples, collected by students from local markets and grocery stores, are extracted using an ion-pairing method and analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) employing student optimized instrumental parameters. In nearly all fish liver samples analyzed by students, perfluorinated surfactants were detected. This undergraduate experiment provides a hands-on opportunity for students to learn new sample preparation and extraction procedures and the specific techniques of LC–MS/MS. Students gain an appreciation of both the sensitivity of LC–MS/MS for the analysis of trace environmental contaminants and the importance of quality control when working with trace analytes in complex biological matrices.
Keywords (Audience):
Second-Year UndergraduateKeywords (Domain):
Analytical ChemistryKeywords (Subject):
ChromatographyCiting Articles
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This article has been cited by 4 ACS Journal articles (4 most recent appear below).
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- Received: August 03, 2009
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