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New Device and Method for Flux-Proportional Sampling of Mobile Solutes in Soil and Groundwater
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Section:Abstract
The importance of monitoring the transport of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater, and the pros and cons of existing sampling methods, are outlined. A new, alternative sampling method is proposed, using a passive sampler that functions as a water-permeable, semi-infinite sink for passing solutes of interest. Tracers integrated in the device store information on the volume of water passing through the sampler during the installation period. The conceptual basis of the sampling method is described. This device enables flux-proportional monitoring of the concentrations of mobile contaminants in the soil and groundwater. 14C-labeled phenanthrene (PHEN) and glyphosate (GLY) are used as case study compounds in laboratory experiments. The sorption capacities and uptake kinetics of 13 adsorbents are screened and compared, as well as the dissolution kinetics of three tracer salts: calcium citrate, calcium fluoride (CaF2), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4). The application of the passive sampler is then demonstrated in long-term laboratory experiments, using large soil columns under steady-state hydraulic conditions. The accumulated flux of PHEN was sampled with an accuracy of 3.6%−17.8%, using graphitized carbon, hexagonal mesoporous silica, and cross-linked polymers as adsorbents. The accumulated flux of GLY was sampled with an accuracy of 12.4%, using γ-alumina as an adsorbent. The advantages and limitations of this new environmental monitoring method are discussed.
Citing Articles
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This article has been cited by 4 ACS Journal articles (4 most recent appear below).
Method for the in Situ Calibration of a Passive Phosphate Sampler in Estuarine and Marine Waters
Dominique S. O’Brien, Kees Booij, Darryl W. Hawker, and Jochen F. MuellerEnvironmental Science & Technology2011 45 (7), 2871-2877Method for the in Situ Calibration of a Passive Phosphate Sampler in Estuarine and Marine Waters
Dominique S. O’Brien, Kees Booij, Darryl W. Hawker, and Jochen F. MuellerEnvironmental Science & Technology2011 45 (7), 2871-2877Passive samplers for phosphate were calibrated in the laboratory over a range of flow velocities (0−27 cm s−1) and ionic strengths (0−0.62 mol kg−1). The observed sampling rates were between 0.006 and 0.20 L d−1. An empirical model allowed the estimation ...
Application and Evaluation of a New Passive Sampler for Measuring Average Solute Concentrations in a Catchment Scale Water Quality Monitoring Study
Joachim Rozemeijer, Ype van der Velde, Hubert de Jonge, Frans van Geer, Hans-Peter Broers and Marc BierkensEnvironmental Science & Technology2010 44 (4), 1353-1359Application and Evaluation of a New Passive Sampler for Measuring Average Solute Concentrations in a Catchment Scale Water Quality Monitoring Study
Joachim Rozemeijer, Ype van der Velde, Hubert de Jonge, Frans van Geer, Hans-Peter Broers and Marc BierkensEnvironmental Science & Technology2010 44 (4), 1353-1359We present a field based testing, optimization, and evaluation study of the SorbiCell sampler (SC-sampler); a new passive sampling technique that measures average concentrations over longer periods of time (days to months) for various substances. We ...
The Measurement and Use of Contaminant Flux for Performance Assessment of DNAPL Remediation
Michael C. Brooks and A. Lynn Wood2006 940 (), 201-220The Measurement and Use of Contaminant Flux for Performance Assessment of DNAPL Remediation
Michael C. Brooks and A. Lynn Wood2006 940 (), 201-220A review is presented of both mass flux as a DNAPL remedial performance metric and reduction in mass flux as a remedial performance objective at one or more control planes down gradient of DNAPL source areas. The use of mass flux to assess remedial ...
Field-Scale Evaluation of the Passive Flux Meter for Simultaneous Measurement of Groundwater and Contaminant Fluxes
Michael D. Annable, Kirk Hatfield, Jaehyun Cho, Harald Klammler, Beth L. Parker, John A. Cherry, and P. Suresh C. RaoEnvironmental Science & Technology2005 39 (18), 7194-7201Field-Scale Evaluation of the Passive Flux Meter for Simultaneous Measurement of Groundwater and Contaminant Fluxes
Michael D. Annable, Kirk Hatfield, Jaehyun Cho, Harald Klammler, Beth L. Parker, John A. Cherry, and P. Suresh C. RaoEnvironmental Science & Technology2005 39 (18), 7194-7201A new method, passive flux meter (PFM), has been developed and field-tested for simultaneously measuring contaminant and groundwater fluxes in the saturated zone at hazardous waste sites. The PFM approach uses a sorptive permeable medium placed in either ...
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History
- Published In Issue January 01, 2005
- Received for review February 26, 2004
Revised manuscript received August 4, 2004
Accepted October 19, 2004
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