Prev. Article Next Article Table of Contents

Article

Dissolution of Composition B Detonation Residuals

Figures
Citing Articles

Your current credentials do not allow retrieval of the full text.

Purchase the full-text

PDF/HTML,
figures/images,
references and tables,
(where available)

J. H. Lever,*^† S. Taylor,^† L. Perovich,^† K. Bjella,^† and B. Packer^‡

U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and U. S. Army Environmental Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21010

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39 (22), pp 8803–8811

DOI: 10.1021/es050511r

Publication Date (Web): October 13, 2005

Section:

Water

Abstract

Composition B (Comp B) detonation residuals pose environmental concern to the U. S. Army because hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), a constituent, has contaminated groundwater near training ranges. To mimic their dissolution on surface soils, we dripped water at 0.51 mL/h onto individual Comp B particles (0.1−2.0 mg) collected from the detonation of 81-mm mortars. Analyses of the effluent indicate that the RDX and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in Comp B do not dissolve independently. Rather, the relatively slow dissolution of RDX controls dissolution of the particle as a whole by limiting the exposed area of TNT. Two dissolution models, a published steady-flow model and a drop-impingement model developed here, provide good agreement with the data using RDX parameters for time scaling. They predict dissolution times of 6−600 rainfall days for 0.01−100 mg Comp B particles exposed to 0.55 cm/h rainfall rate. These models should bracket the flow regimes for dissolution of detonation residuals on soils, but they require additional data to validate them across the range of particle sizes and rainfall rates of interest.

View: Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links

Citing Articles

View all 7 citing articles

Citation data is made available by participants in CrossRef's Cited-by Linking service. For a more comprehensive list of citations to this article, users are encouraged to perform a search in SciFinder.

This article has been cited by 4 ACS Journal articles (4 most recent appear below).

Dissolution of Microscale Energetic Residues in Saturated Porous Media: Visualization and Quantification at the Pore-Scale by Spectral Confocal Microscopy
Chao Wang, Volha Lazouskaya, Mark E. Fuller, Jeffrey L. Caplan, Charles E. Schaefer, and Yan Jin
Environmental Science & Technology2011 45 (19), 8352-8358
- Dissolution of Microscale Energetic Residues in Saturated Porous Media: Visualization and Quantification at the Pore-Scale by Spectral Confocal Microscopy
  Chao Wang, Volha Lazouskaya, Mark E. Fuller, Jeffrey L. Caplan, Charles E. Schaefer, and Yan Jin
  Environmental Science & Technology2011 45 (19), 8352-8358
  Microscale energetic residues (<1 mm) are produced during munitions detonation and the weathering of larger residues, and may serve as mobile and fast dissolving sources of explosive compounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Transport of RDX and TNT from Composition-B Explosive During Simulated Rainfall
Richard A. PriceMichelle BourneCynthia L. PriceJay LindsayJim Cole
2011 (), 229-240
- Transport of RDX and TNT from Composition-B Explosive During Simulated Rainfall
  Richard A. PriceMichelle BourneCynthia L. PriceJay LindsayJim Cole
  2011 (), 229-240
  A complete understanding of the fate of munitions constituents (MC) on U.S. Army training lands is needed to develop the fundamental framework for the contaminant transport, transformation and fate (CTT&F) model for predicting the impacts of training ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
The Contaminant Transport, Transformation, and Fate Sub-Model for Predicting the Site-Specific Behavior of Distributed Sources (Munitions Constituents) on U.S. Army Training and Testing Ranges
Zhonglong ZhangBilly E. Johnson
2011 (), 241-272
- The Contaminant Transport, Transformation, and Fate Sub-Model for Predicting the Site-Specific Behavior of Distributed Sources (Munitions Constituents) on U.S. Army Training and Testing Ranges
  Zhonglong ZhangBilly E. Johnson
  2011 (), 241-272
  Contaminant Transport, Transformation and Fate (CTT&F) sub-model was developed for coupling with existing watershed hydrological modeling systems to predict the site-specific behavior of distributed sources (munitions constituents) on U.S. Army training ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links
Dissolution of High Explosives on Range Soils
Susan TaylorJames H. LeverJennifer FaddenSusan R. BiglNancy M. PerronKathleen F. JonesBonnie Packer
2011 (), 139-155
- Dissolution of High Explosives on Range Soils
  Susan TaylorJames H. LeverJennifer FaddenSusan R. BiglNancy M. PerronKathleen F. JonesBonnie Packer
  2011 (), 139-155
  High explosives (HE) are deposited onto military range soils by live-fire training. A critical problem facing range managers is how to determine if explosives from training activities are likely to migrate off base, an outcome that might trigger federal ...
  Abstract | Full Text HTML | Hi-Res PDF | PDF w/ Links