Different Catalytic Effects by Copper and Chromium on the Formation and Degradation of Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds in Fly Ash

Fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration may catalytically enhance the formation and degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. The activities of three Deacon catalysts in this process were investigated in a statistically designed experiment. Chlorides of copper, chromium, and nickel were added to fly ash samples and the resulting samples heated at 300 °C for 2 h in an air atmosphere. The addition of copper increases the formation of all chlorinated aromatic compounds except the low chlorinated congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The addition of chromium decreased the formation of most chlorinated aromatic compounds except the highest chlorinated species, where it was without effect. The addition of nickel did not show any significant effect. The outcome of the experiment can be interpreted as two competing processes:  the chlorination of aromatic rings and the oxidation of carbon−carbon and carbon−oxygen bonds. The delicate balance between chlorination and oxidation could probably be further exploited to minimize both the emissions and the net production of chlorinated aromatic compounds from combustion.