Photocatalytic Production of H2 on Nanocomposite Catalysts

Su Young Ryu, Jina Choi, William Balcerski, Tai Kyu Lee, and Michael R. Hoffmann*
W.M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2007, 46 (23), pp 7476–7488
DOI: 10.1021/ie0703033
Publication Date (Web): June 26, 2007
Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society
Industrial Inorganic Chemicals

Abstract

The photocatalytic production of H2 in water with visible light using nanocomposite catalysts, which include quantum-sized (Q-sized) CdS, CdS nanoparticles embedded in zeolite cavities (CdS/zeolite), and CdS quantum dots (Q-CdS) deposited on KNbO3 (CdS/KNbO3 and Ni/NiO/KNbO3/CdS), is investigated. The rate of H2 production in alcohol/water mixtures and other electron donors at λ ≥ 400 nm is the highest with the hybrid catalyst, Ni/NiO/KNbO3/CdS with a measured quantum yield, φ, of 8.8%. The relative order of reactivity as a function of catalyst is Ni(0)/NiO/KNbO3/CdS > Ni(0)/KNbO3/CdS > KNbO3/CdS > CdS/NaY-zeolite > CdS/TiY-zeolite > CdS, while the reactivity order with respect to the array of electron donors is 2-propanol > ethanol > methanol > sulfite > sulfide. In addition, the rates of H2 production from water and water−alcohol mixtures are correlated with fluorescent emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes. Irradiation of Ni/NiO/KNbO3/CdS proceeds via the partial reduction of Cd(II) to Cd(0) on the surface of CdS. The coupling of Ni(0)/NiO and Cd(0) on the surface of KNbO3 appears to have some of the chemical principles of a Ni/Cd battery at high overvoltages. Evidence for the formation of nickel hydride as an important intermediate has been obtained.

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History

  • Published In Issue November 07, 2007
  • Received for review February 28, 2007
    Revised manuscript received May 1, 2007
    Accepted May 3, 2007

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