Article

Phase Separation As a Strategy Toward Controlling Dilution Effects in Macrocyclic Glaser-Hay Couplings

Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133 (49), pp 19976–19981
DOI: 10.1021/ja208902t
Publication Date (Web): October 26, 2011
Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society

Abstract

Abstract Image

Macrocycles are abundant in numerous chemical applications, however the traditional strategy for the preparation of these compounds remains cumbersome and environmentally damaging; involving tedious reaction set-ups and extremely dilute reaction media. The development of a macrocyclization strategy conducted at high concentrations is described which exploits phase separation of the catalyst and substrate, as a strategy to control dilution effects. Sequestering a copper catalyst in a highly polar and/or hydrophilic phase can be achieved using a hydrophilic ligand, T-PEG1900, a PEGylated TMEDA derivative. Similarly, phase separation is possible when suitable copper complexes are soluble in PEG400, a green and efficient solvent which can be utilized in biphasic mixtures for promoting macrocyclization at high concentrations. The latter phase separation technique can be exploited for the synthesis of a wide range of industrially relevant macrocycles with varying ring sizes and functional groups.

Supporting Information


Experimental procedures and spectroscopic data for all new compounds and complete ref 3. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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Article Views: 2,782 Times
Received 21 September 2011
Published online 26 October 2011
Published in print 14 December 2011
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