Synthesis of Dihydropyridines and Pyridines from Imines and Alkynes via C−H Activation

Denise A. Colby, Robert G. Bergman,* and Jonathan A. Ellman*;
Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130 (11), pp 3645–3651
DOI: 10.1021/ja7104784
Publication Date (Web): February 27, 2008
Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society

Abstract

Abstract Image

A convenient one-pot C−H alkenylation/electrocyclization/aromatization sequence has been developed for the synthesis of highly substituted pyridine derivatives from alkynes and α,β-unsaturated N-benzyl aldimines and ketimines that proceeds through dihydropyridine intermediates. A new class of ligands for C−H activation was developed, providing broader scope for the alkenylation step than could be achieved with previously reported ligands. Substantial information was obtained about the mechanism of the reaction. This included the isolation of a C−H activated complex and its structure determination by X-ray analysis; in addition, kinetic simulations using the Copasi software were employed to determine rate constants for this transformation, implicating facile C−H oxidative addition and slow reductive elimination steps.

Citing Articles

View all 32 citing articles

Citation data is made available by participants in CrossRef's Cited-by Linking service. For a more comprehensive list of citations to this article, users are encouraged to perform a search in SciFinder.

This article has been cited by 31 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).

  • Cover Image

    Pyridines from Azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-4-ones through a Proposed Azacyclopentadienone

    Karl Hemming, Musharraf N. Khan, Vishnu V. R. Kondakal, Arnaud Pitard, M. Ilyas Qamar, and Craig R. Rice
    Organic Letters2012 14 (1), 126-129
    • Pyridines from Azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-4-ones through a Proposed Azacyclopentadienone

      Karl Hemming, Musharraf N. Khan, Vishnu V. R. Kondakal, Arnaud Pitard, M. Ilyas Qamar, and Craig R. Rice
      Organic Letters2012 14 (1), 126-129

      Pyridines have been formed by heating azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-4-ones in toluene. The generation of a 3-azacyclopentadienone intermediate via a [2 + 2]-cycloreversion is proposed as the key step. A Diels–Alder reaction of a styrene, extrusion of carbon ...

  • Cover Image

    Tandem One-Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines Using the Blaise Reaction Intermediate and 1,3-Enynes

    Yu Sung Chun, Jun Hee Lee, Ju Hyun Kim, Young Ok Ko, and Sang-gi Lee
    Organic Letters2011 13 (24), 6390-6393
    • Tandem One-Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines Using the Blaise Reaction Intermediate and 1,3-Enynes

      Yu Sung Chun, Jun Hee Lee, Ju Hyun Kim, Young Ok Ko, and Sang-gi Lee
      Organic Letters2011 13 (24), 6390-6393

      A tandem one-pot method for the construction of a pyridine moiety with selective control of substitution patterns has been developed through the sequential reactions of nitrile with a Reformatsky reagent and 1,3-enyne involving regio- and chemoselective ...

  • Cover Image

    Rhodium Catalyzed Chelation-Assisted C–H Bond Functionalization Reactions

    Denise A. Colby, Andy S. Tsai, Robert G. Bergman, and Jonathan A. Ellman
    Accounts of Chemical Research2011 Article ASAP
    • Rhodium Catalyzed Chelation-Assisted C–H Bond Functionalization Reactions

      Denise A. Colby, Andy S. Tsai, Robert G. Bergman, and Jonathan A. Ellman
      Accounts of Chemical Research2011 Article ASAP

      Over the last several decades, researchers have achieved remarkable progress in the field of organometallic chemistry. The development of metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions represents a paradigm shift in chemical synthesis, and today synthetic ...

  • Cover Image

    Synthesis of Azaheterocycles from Aryl Ketone O-Acetyl Oximes and Internal Alkynes by Cu–Rh Bimetallic Relay Catalysts

    Pei Chui Too, Sze Hui Chua, Siong Heng Wong, and Shunsuke Chiba
    The Journal of Organic Chemistry2011 76 (15), 6159-6168
    • Synthesis of Azaheterocycles from Aryl Ketone O-Acetyl Oximes and Internal Alkynes by Cu–Rh Bimetallic Relay Catalysts

      Pei Chui Too, Sze Hui Chua, Siong Heng Wong, and Shunsuke Chiba
      The Journal of Organic Chemistry2011 76 (15), 6159-6168

      A synthetic method for azaheterocycles from aryl ketone O-acetyl oximes and internal alkynes has been developed by using the Cu(OAc)2–[Cp*RhCl2]2 bimetallic catalytic system. The reactions proceeded with both of anti- and syn-isomers of oximes with a wide ...

  • Cover Image

    Mn(III)-Mediated Formal [3+3]-Annulation of Vinyl Azides and Cyclopropanols: A Divergent Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

    Yi-Feng Wang, Kah Kah Toh, Eileen Pei Jian Ng, and Shunsuke Chiba
    Journal of the American Chemical Society2011 133 (16), 6411-6421
    • Mn(III)-Mediated Formal [3+3]-Annulation of Vinyl Azides and Cyclopropanols: A Divergent Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

      Yi-Feng Wang, Kah Kah Toh, Eileen Pei Jian Ng, and Shunsuke Chiba
      Journal of the American Chemical Society2011 133 (16), 6411-6421

      Mn(III)-mediated formal [3+3]-annulation has been developed using readily available vinyl azides and cyclopropanols with a wide range of substituents. Vinyl azides were successfully applied as a three-atom unit including one nitrogen to prepare pyridines ...

Tools

SciFinder Links

SciFinder subscribers:  Click to sign in | Not a SciFinder subscriber? Learn more at www.cas.org

Explore by:


History

  • Published In Issue March 19, 2008
  • Received November 20, 2007

Recommend & Share

  • Share on ACS NetworkACS Network
  • Add to FacebookFacebook
  • Tweet ThisTweet This
  • Add to CiteULikeCiteULike
  • Add to NewsvineNewsvine
  • Digg ThisDigg This
  • Add to DeliciousDelicious

Related Content

Other ACS content by these authors: