Enzymatic Hydrolysis as a Means of Expanding the Cold Gelation Conditions of Soy Proteins

Acid-induced cold gelation of soy protein hydrolysates was studied. Hydrolysates with degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of up to 10% were prepared by using subtilisin Carlsberg. The enzyme was inhibited to uncouple the hydrolysis from the subsequent gelation; the latter was induced by the addition of glucono-δ-lactone. Visual observations, confocal scanning laser microscopy images, and the elasticity modulus showed that hydrolysates gelled at higher pH values with increasing DH. The nonhydrolyzed soy protein isolate gelled at pH 6.0, whereas a DH = 5% hydrolysate gelled at pH 7.6. Gels made from hydrolysates had a softer texture when manually disrupted and showed syneresis below a pH of 5−5.5. Monitoring of gelation by measuring the development of the storage modulus could be replaced by measuring the pH onset of aggregate formation (pH_Aggr-onset) using turbidity measurements. The rate of acidification was observed to also influence this pH_Aggr-onset. Changes in ionic strength (0.03, 0.2, and 0.5 M) had only a minor influence on the pH_Aggr-onset, indicating that the aggregation is not simply a balance between repulsive electrostatic and attractive hydrophobic interactions, but is much more complex.

Keywords: Aggregation; coagulation; proteolysis; enzymatic hydrolysis; soy protein isolate; subtilisin Carlsberg; cold gelation