Inhibition of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli by Cranberry Juice:  A New Antiadherence Assay

A combination of microplate technology and turbidity assessment for testing the adherence of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cell line T24, validated with the addition of the known inhibitor 4-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-α-d-galactopyranose (galabiose), resulted in a high-throughput, biologically relevant assessment of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon). P-fimbriated ATCC E. coli strains 25922, 29194, and 49161 were inhibited by galabiose. ATCC 29194, a representative urine isolate containing the papGII allele (Class II fimbrial adhesin) and demonstrating the most significant inhibition in the presence of galabiose, was chosen for further testing. In this assay, a low-polarity fraction of cranberry juice cocktail demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of E. coli adherence. Reported here, for the first time in V. macrocarpon, are 1-O-methylgalactose, prunin, and phlorizin, identified in an active fraction of cranberry juice concentrate. This in vitro assay will be useful for the standardization of cranberry dietary supplements and is currently being used for bioassay-guided fractionation of cranberry juice concentrate.

Keywords: Escherichia coli; cranberry; Vaccinium macrocarpon; uroepithelial; bacterial adhesin; bacterial adhesion; papG protein; P-fimbriae; 1-methoxygalactose; prunin; phloridzin; α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-galactopyranose; galabiose; botanical dietary supplement standardization