Composition of Beer by 1H NMR Spectroscopy:  Effects of Brewing Site and Date of Production

Cláudia Almeida,† Iola F. Duarte,† António Barros,‡ João Rodrigues,† Manfred Spraul,§ and Ana M. Gil*†
CICECO and QOPNAA, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitrio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, and Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, D76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54 (3), pp 700–706
DOI: 10.1021/jf0526947
Publication Date (Web): January 13, 2006
Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society
†

 CICECO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro.

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‡

 QOPNAA, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro.

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§

 Bruker Biospin GmbH.

,
*

 Corresponding author. Telephone:  +351 234370707. Fax:  +351 234370084. E-mail:  agil@dq.ua.pt.

Abstract

A principal component analysis (PCA) of 1H NMR spectra of beers differing in production site (A, B, C) and date is described, to obtain information about composition variability. First, lactic and pyruvic acids contents were found to vary significantly between production sites, good reproducibility between dates being found for site A but not for sites B and C beers. Second, site B beers were clearly distinguished by the predominance of linear dextrins, while A and C beers were richer in branched dextrins. Carbohydrate reproducibility between dates is poorer for site C with dextrin branching degree varying significantly. Finally, all production sites were successfully distinguished by their contents in adenosine/inosine, uridine, tyrosine/tyrosol, and 2-phenylethanol, reproducibility between dates being again poorer for site C. Interpretation of the above compositional differences is discussed in terms of the biochemistry taking place during brewing, and possible applications of the method in brewing process control are envisaged.

Keywords: Beer; analysis; origin; quality control; NMR; spectroscopy

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History

  • Published In Issue February 08, 2006
  • Received for review October 31, 2005. Accepted December 8, 2005. C.A. thanks Bruker Biospin for funding support, and I.F.D. thanks the Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal, for funding support through the Grants PRAXIS/BD/15666/98 and SFRH/BPD/11516/2002 within the III Community framework.

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