Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds in Virgin Olive Oil by Direct Injection in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorometric Detection

Roberto Selvaggini, Maurizio Servili,* Stefania Urbani, Sonia Esposto, Agnese Taticchi, and GianFrancesco Montedoro
Dipartimento di Scienze Economico, Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Tecnologie e Biotecnologie degli Alimenti, Universit degli Studi di Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54 (8), pp 2832–2838
DOI: 10.1021/jf0527596
Publication Date (Web): March 23, 2006
Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society
*

 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel:  +39 075 5857942. Fax:  +39 075 5857916. E-mail:  servimau@unipg.it.

Abstract

Hydrophilic phenols are the most abundant natural antioxidants of virgin olive oil (VOO), in which tocopherols and carotenes are also present. The prevalent classes of hydrophilic phenols found in VOO are phenyl alcohols, phenolic acids, secoiridoids such as the dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol or (p-hydroxypheny1)ethanol (3,4-DHPEA-EDA or p-HPEA-EDA) and an isomer of the oleuropein aglycon (3,4-DHPEA-EA), lignans such as (+)-1-acetoxypinoresinol and (+)-pinoresinol, and flavonoids. A new method for the analysis of VOO hydrophilic phenols by direct injection in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the use of a fluorescence detector (FLD) has been proposed and compared with the traditional liquid−liquid extraction technique followed by the HPLC analysis utilizing a diode array detector (DAD) and a FLD. Results show that the most important classes of phenolic compounds occurring in VOO can be evaluated using HPLC direct injection. The efficiency of the new method, as compared to the liquid−liquid extraction, was higher to quantify phenyl alcohols, lignans, and 3,4-DHPEA-EA and lower for the evaluation of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA and p-HPEA-EDA.

Keywords: Phenols; secoiridoids; lignans; virgin olive oil; HPLC; fluorescence detector; DAD

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History

  • Published In Issue April 19, 2006
  • Received for review November 7, 2005. Revised manuscript received March 2, 2006. Accepted March 6, 2006.

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