Apple Polyphenols and Products Formed in the Gut Differently Inhibit Survival of Human Cell Lines Derived from Colon Adenoma (LT97) and Carcinoma (HT29)

Selvaraju Veeriah,† Thomas Hofmann,† Michael Glei,† Helmut Dietrich,‡ Frank Will,‡ Peter Schreier,§ Bastian Knaup,§ and Beatrice Louise Pool-Zobel*†
Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Dornburger Strasse 25, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Geisenheim Research Center, Section Wine Chemistry and Beverage Technology, Ruedesheimer Strasse 28, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany, and Department of Food Chemistry, University of Wrzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wrzburg, Germany
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55 (8), pp 2892–2900
DOI: 10.1021/jf063386r
Publication Date (Web): March 23, 2007
Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society
†

 Friedrich-Schiller-University.

,
‡

 Geisenheim Research Center.

,
§

 University of Würzburg.

,
*

 Corresponding author. Tel.:  +49 3641 949670. Fax:  +49 3641 949672. E-mail:  b8bobe@uni-jena.de.

Abstract

Colorectal tumor risks could be reduced by polyphenol-rich diets that inhibit cell growth. Here, apple polyphenols were studied for effects on the survival of colon adenoma (LT97) and carcinoma-derived (HT29) cell lines. Three apple extracts (AEs) from harvest years 2002−2004 were isolated (AE02, AE03, and AE04) and fermented in vitro with human fecal flora. Extracts and fermentation products were analyzed for polyphenols with HPLC. The cells were treated with AEs (0−850 μg/mL) or fermented AEs (F-AEs, 0−9%), and survival was measured by DNA staining. All AEs contained high amounts of polyphenols (311−534 mg/g) and reduced cell survival (in LT97 > HT29). AE03 was most potent, possibly because it contained more quercetin compounds. Fermentation of AEs resulted in an increase of short chain fatty acids, and polyphenols were degraded. The F-AEs were 3-fold less bioactive than the corresponding AEs, pointing to a loss of chemoprotective properties through fermentation.

Keywords: Antiproliferative activity; apple polyphenols; colon cancer chemoprevention; fermentation; colon cell line

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History

  • Published In Issue April 18, 2007
  • Received for review November 22, 2006. Revised manuscript received February 15, 2007. Accepted February 16, 2007. This project was funded by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany (BMBF FKZ.01EA0103).

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