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Organic vs Conventionally Grown Rio Red Whole Grapefruit and Juice: Comparison of Production Inputs, Market Quality, Consumer Acceptance, and Human Health-Bioactive Compounds
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Section:Abstract
Most claims that organic produce is better tasting and more nutritious than nonorganic (conventional) produce are largely unsubstantiated. This is due mainly to a lack of rigor in research studies matching common production variables of both production systems, such as microclimate, soil type, fertilizer elemental concentration, previous crop, irrigation source and application, plant age, and cultivar. The aforementioned production variables common to both production systems were matched for comparison of Texas commercially grown conventional and certified organic Rio Red red-fruited grapefruit. Whole grapefruits from each production system were harvested between 800 and 1000 h at commercial early (November), mid- (January), and late season (March) harvest periods for three consecutive years. Within each harvest season, conventional and organic whole fruits were compared for marketable qualities (fruit weight, specific gravity, peel thickness, and peel color), and juices were compared for marketable qualities (specific gravity, % juice, and color), human health-bioactive compounds (minerals, ascorbic acid, lycopene, sugars, pectin, phenols, and nitrates), and consumer taste intensity and overall acceptance. Conventional fruit was better colored and higher in lycopene, and the juice was less tart, lower in the bitter principle naringin, and better accepted by the consumer panel than the organic fruit. Organic fruit had a commercially preferred thinner peel, and the juice was higher in ascorbic acid and sugars and lower in nitrate and the drug interactive furanocoumarins.
Keywords: Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi); ascorbic acid; citric acid; furanocoumarins; lycopene; naringin; nitrate; sugars; seasonal influence; consumer acceptance
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This article has been cited by 5 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).
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Flow Injection Mass Spectral Fingerprints Demonstrate Chemical Differences in Rio Red Grapefruit with Respect to Year, Harvest Time, and Conventional versus Organic Farming
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Influence of Irrigation and Organic/Inorganic Fertilization on Chemical Quality of Almond (Prunus amygdalus cv. Guara)
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P. Sánchez-Bel, I. Egea, M. C. Martínez-Madrid, B. Flores and F. RomojaroJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2008 56 (21), 10056-10062The chemical quality of almonds variety Guara cultivated in nonirrigated farming (NI) and drip-irrigated farming (DI) conditions with different fertilizing treatments, two organic treatments (T1 and T2) and a mineral treatment (C), all of them with a N−P−...
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History
- Published In Issue May 30, 2007
- Received for review March 28, 2007. Accepted April 5, 2007. This research was funded by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under CRIS Projects 6204-43000-014-00D to G.E.L. and 6621-41000-0012-00D to J.M. Use of company or product names by the U.S. Department of Agriculture does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
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