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Consumption of Human Milk Oligosaccharides by Gut-Related Microbes

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Angela Marcobal†, Mariana Barboza‡, John W. Froehlich‡, David E. Block#, J. Bruce German§, Carlito B. Lebrilla*‡ and David A. Mills*†

^† Departments of Viticulture and Enology

^‡ Chemistry

^# Chemical Engineering and Material Science

^§ Food Science and Technology

University of California, Davis, California 95616

J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58 (9), pp 5334–5340

DOI: 10.1021/jf9044205

Publication Date (Web): April 15, 2010

*Corresponding authors [(C.B.L.) Mailing address, Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616; telephone (530) 752-0504; fax (530) 754-8995; e-mail cblebrilla@ucdavis.edu. (D.A.M.) Mailing address, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616; telephone (530) 754-7821; fax (530) 752-0380; e-mail damills@ucdavis.edu].,

Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.

Section:

Microbial, Algal, and Fungal Biochemistry

Abstract

Human milk contains large amounts of complex oligosaccharides that putatively modulate the intestinal microbiota of breast-fed infants by acting as decoy binding sites for pathogens and as prebiotics for enrichment of beneficial bacteria. Several bifidobacterial species have been shown to grow well on human milk oligosaccharides. However, few data exist on other bacterial species. This work examined 16 bacterial strains belonging to 10 different genera for growth on human milk oligosaccharides. For this propose, a chemically defined medium, ZMB1, was used, which allows vigorous growth of a number of gut-related microorganisms in a fashion similar to complex media. Interestingly, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Bacteroides fragilis, and Bacteroides vulgatus strains were able to metabolize milk oligosaccharides with high efficiency, whereas Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Escherichia coli strains grew less well or not at all. Mass spectrometry-based glycoprofiling of the oligosaccharide consumption behavior revealed a specific preference for fucosylated oligosaccharides by Bi. longum subsp. infantis and Ba. vulgatus. This work expands the current knowledge of human milk oligosaccharide consumption by gut microbes, revealing bacteroides as avid consumers of this substrate. These results provide insight on how human milk oligosaccharides shape the infant intestinal microbiota.

Keywords (keywords):

Human milk oligosaccharides; gut microbiota; chemically defined medium; ZMB1; MALDI-FTICR-MS; bacteroides

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