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Article

CYP2C9 Structure−Metabolism Relationships:  Optimizing the Metabolic Stability of COX-2 Inhibitors

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Marie M. Ahlström,*†§ Marianne Ridderström,† Ismael Zamora,‡ and Kristina Luthman§
Discovery DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, S-431 81 Mölndal, Sweden, Lead Molecular Design, S. L., Vallés 96-102 (27) E-08190, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Medica (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
J. Med. Chem., 2007, 50 (18), pp 4444–4452
DOI: 10.1021/jm0705096
Publication Date (Web): August 14, 2007
Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society
CASSection:
Pharmacology

Abstract

Abstract Image

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family is composed of a large group of monooxygenases that mediate the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. CYP2C9, one of the major isoforms of the CYP family, is responsible for the phase I metabolism of a variety of drugs. The aim of the present investigation is to use rational design together with MetaSite, a metabolism site prediction program, to synthesize compounds that retain their pharmacological effects but that are metabolically more stable in the presence of CYP2C9. The model compound for the study is the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor and known CYP2C9 substrate. Thirteen analogs of celecoxib were designed, synthesized, and evaluated with regard to their metabolic properties and pharmacologic effects. The docking solutions and the predictions from MetaSite gave useful information leading to the design of new compounds with improved metabolic properties.

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Citing Articles

View all 15 citing articles

Citation data is made available by participants in CrossRef's Cited-by Linking service. For a more comprehensive list of citations to this article, users are encouraged to perform a search in SciFinder.

This article has been cited by 5 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).

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    A Novel Approach for Predicting P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) Inhibition Using Molecular Interaction Fields

    Fabio Broccatelli, Emanuele Carosati, Annalisa Neri, Maria Frosini, Laura Goracci, Tudor I. Oprea, and Gabriele Cruciani
    Journal of Medicinal Chemistry2011 54 (6), 1740-1751
    • A Novel Approach for Predicting P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) Inhibition Using Molecular Interaction Fields

      Fabio Broccatelli, Emanuele Carosati, Annalisa Neri, Maria Frosini, Laura Goracci, Tudor I. Oprea, and Gabriele Cruciani
      Journal of Medicinal Chemistry2011 54 (6), 1740-1751

      P-glycoprotein (Pgp or ABCB1) is an ABC transporter protein involved in intestinal absorption, drug metabolism, and brain penetration, and its inhibition can seriously alter a drug's bioavailability and safety. In addition, inhibitors of Pgp can be used ...

      Abstract | HTMLFull Text HTML | PDFHi-Res PDF | PDFPDF w/ Links
  • Cover Image

    FLAP: GRID Molecular Interaction Fields in Virtual Screening. Validation using the DUD Data Set

    Simon Cross, Massimo Baroni, Emanuele Carosati, Paolo Benedetti and Sergio Clementi
    Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling2010 50 (8), 1442-1450
    • FLAP: GRID Molecular Interaction Fields in Virtual Screening. Validation using the DUD Data Set

      Simon Cross, Massimo Baroni, Emanuele Carosati, Paolo Benedetti and Sergio Clementi
      Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling2010 50 (8), 1442-1450

      The performance of FLAP (Fingerprints for Ligands and Proteins) in virtual screening is assessed using a subset of the DUD (Directory of Useful Decoys) benchmarking data set containing 13 targets each with more than 15 different chemotype classes. A ...

      Abstract | HTMLFull Text HTML | PDFHi-Res PDF | PDFPDF w/ Links
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    EaMEAD: Activation Energy Prediction of Cytochrome P450 Mediated Metabolism with Effective Atomic Descriptors

    Doo Nam Kim, Kwang-Hwi Cho, Won Seok Oh, Chang Joon Lee, Sung Kwang Lee, Jihoon Jung and Kyoung Tai No
    Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling2009 49 (7), 1643-1654
    • EaMEAD: Activation Energy Prediction of Cytochrome P450 Mediated Metabolism with Effective Atomic Descriptors

      Doo Nam Kim, Kwang-Hwi Cho, Won Seok Oh, Chang Joon Lee, Sung Kwang Lee, Jihoon Jung and Kyoung Tai No
      Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling2009 49 (7), 1643-1654

      In an effort to improve drug design and predictions for pharmacokinetics (PK), an empirical model was developed to predict the activation energies (Ea) of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) mediated metabolism. The model, EaMEAD (Activation energy of Metabolism ...

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  • Cover Image

    An Improved and Scalable Process for Celecoxib: A Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor

    Anumula Raghupathi Reddy, Alla Sampath, Gilla Goverdhan, Bojja Yakambaram, Kagga Mukkanti and Padi Pratap Reddy
    Organic Process Research & Development2009 13 (1), 98-101
    • An Improved and Scalable Process for Celecoxib: A Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor

      Anumula Raghupathi Reddy, Alla Sampath, Gilla Goverdhan, Bojja Yakambaram, Kagga Mukkanti and Padi Pratap Reddy
      Organic Process Research & Development2009 13 (1), 98-101

      An improved, scalable and commercially viable process is developed for an active pharmaceutical ingredient, celecoxib.

      Abstract | HTMLFull Text HTML | PDFHi-Res PDF | PDFPDF w/ Links
  • Cover Image

    CYP2C9 Structure−Metabolism Relationships:  Substrates, Inhibitors, and Metabolites

    Marie M. Ahlström, Marianne Ridderström, and Ismael Zamora
    Journal of Medicinal Chemistry2007 50 (22), 5382-5391
    • CYP2C9 Structure−Metabolism Relationships:  Substrates, Inhibitors, and Metabolites

      Marie M. Ahlström, Marianne Ridderström, and Ismael Zamora
      Journal of Medicinal Chemistry2007 50 (22), 5382-5391

      The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family is composed of monooxygenases, which mediate the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The characterization of the interactions between these enzymes and candidate drugs is an important part of the drug ...

      Abstract | HTMLFull Text HTML | PDFHi-Res PDF | PDFPDF w/ Links

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Accession Codes

  • PDB: 1CX2
  • PDB: 1R9O
  • PDB: 1DT6

History

  • Published In Issue September 06, 2007
  • Received May 2, 2007

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Other ACS content by these authors:

  • Marie M. Ahlström
  • Marianne Ridderström
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