Article

NMR and Computational Studies of the Configurational Properties of Spirodioxyselenuranes. Are Dynamic Exchange Processes or Temperature-Dependent Chemical Shifts Involved?

Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
J. Org. Chem., 2012, 77 (20), pp 9268–9276
DOI: 10.1021/jo301846a
Publication Date (Web): September 13, 2012
Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society

Abstract

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Spirodioxyselenurane 4a and several substituted analogs revealed unexpected 1H NMR behavior. The diastereotopic methylene hydrogens of 4a appeared as an AB quartet at low temperature that coalesced to a singlet upon warming to 267 K, suggesting a dynamic exchange process with a relatively low activation energy. However, DFT computational investigations indicated high activation energies for exchange via inversion through the selenium center and for various pseudorotation processes. Moreover, the NMR behavior was unaffected by the presence of water or acid catalysts, thereby ruling out reversible Se–O or benzylic C–O cleavage as possible stereomutation pathways. Remarkably, when 4a was heated beyond 342 K, the singlet was transformed into a new AB quartet. Further computations indicated that a temperature dependence of the chemical shifts of the diastereotopic protons results in convergence upon heating, followed by crossover and divergence at still higher temperatures. The NMR behavior is therefore not due to dynamic exchange processes, but rather to temperature dependence of the chemical shifts of the diastereotopic hydrogens, which are coincidentally equivalent at intermediate temperatures. These results suggest the general need for caution in ascribing the coalescence of variable-temperature NMR signals of diastereotopic protons to dynamic exchange processes that could instead be due to temperature-dependent chemical shifts and highlight the importance of corroborating postulated exchange processes through additional computations or experiments wherever possible.

Supporting Information


Variable-temperature NMR spectra, tables of coordinates for calculated structures, electronic energies and enthalpies of transition states and intermediates, and chemical shift computations. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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Received 28 August 2012
Published online 13 September 2012
Published in print 19 October 2012
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