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Review Articles

Charge Transfer on the Nanoscale: Current Status

David M. Adams,^† Louis Brus,^† Christopher E. D. Chidsey,^‡ Stephen Creager,^§ Carol Creutz,* Cherie R. Kagan, Prashant V. Kamat, Marya Lieberman, Stuart Lindsay,^# Rudolph A. Marcus, Robert M. Metzger, M. E. Michel-Beyerle,^Δ John R. Miller, Marshall D. Newton, Debra R. Rolison,^× Otto Sankey,^# Kirk S. Schanze, James Yardley,⁺ and Xiaoyang Zhu^∞

Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC 3167, New York, New York 10027; Department of Chemistry and Stanford Synchrotron Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080; Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000; IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598; Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1504; Caltech 12772, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336; Institut fr Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universitt Mnchen, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375-5342; Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200; Columbia Radiation Laboratory, 1020 Schapiro Center (CEPSR), 530 West 120th Street, Mail code 8903, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027; and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455

J. Phys. Chem. B, 2003, 107 (28), pp 6668–6697

DOI: 10.1021/jp0268462

Publication Date (Web): June 24, 2003

†

Department of Chemistry, Columbia University.

‡

Stanford University.

Clemson University.

Corresponding author.

Brookhaven National Laboratory.

IBM T. J. Watson Research Center.

Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame.

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame.

Arizona State University.

Caltech.

The University of Alabama.

Technische Universität München.

Naval Research Laboratory.

University of Florida.

Columbia Radiation Laboratory, Columbia University.

∞

University of Minnesota.

Abstract

This is the report of a DOE-sponsored workshop organized to discuss the status of our understanding of charge-transfer processes on the nanoscale and to identify research and other needs for progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The current status of basic electron-transfer research, both theoretical and experimental, is addressed, with emphasis on the distance-dependent measurements, and we have attempted to integrate terminology and notation of solution electron-transfer kinetics with that of conductance analysis. The interface between molecules or nanoparticles and bulk metals is examined, and new research tools that advance description and understanding of the interface are presented. The present state-of-the-art in molecular electronics efforts is summarized along with future research needs. Finally, novel strategies that exploit nanoscale architectures are presented for enhancing the efficiences of energy conversion based on photochemistry, catalysis, and electrocatalysis principles.

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