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Superhydrophobic Surfaces Formed Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly with Aminated Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
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Abstract
A convenient and simple route to functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using the reaction of the amine (NH) groups of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with MWNTs in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 50 °C is described. The product functionalized MWNTs (MWNT-NH-PEI) contain 6−8% by weight PEI based on elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and titration. The products form stable emulsions in water below pH 9 and can be derivatized to form alkylated MWNTs that are dispersible in organic media. Such MWNT-NH-PEI nanoparticles can also be used in covalent or ionic layer-by-layer assembly to form nanocomposite thin films on functionalized polyethylene (PE) films and powders. Such nanocomposite films were analyzed by contact angle analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and confocal Raman microscopy. These analyses show that these superhydrophilic surfaces have micro/nanoroughness with a roughly uniform distribution of MWNT nanoparticles. Superhydrophobic PE films can be formed either from ionic layer-by-layer self-assembly of MWNT-NH-PEIs and poly(acrylic acid) or from covalent layer-by-layer self-assembly of MWNT-NH-PEIs and Gantrez if the final graft is acrylated with a mixed anhydride prepared from ethyl chloroformate and octadecanoic acid. The resulting octadecylated surface produced by five covalent layer-by-layer deposition steps has a water contact angle of 165° and a sliding angle of less than 5°. The corresponding surface produced by five ionic layer-by-layer deposition steps has a water contact angle of 155° but exhibits water pinning. The ionically assembled nanocomposite graft is labile under acidic conditions. The covalently assembled graft is more chemically robust.
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This article has been cited by 14 ACS Journal articles (5 most recent appear below).
Superhydrophobic Films on Glass Surface Derived from Trimethylsilanized Silica Gel Nanoparticles
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Debmita Goswami, Samar Kumar Medda, and Goutam DeACS Applied Materials & Interfaces2011 3 (9), 3440-3447The paper deals with the fabrication of sol–gel-derived superhydrophobic films on glass based on the macroscopic silica network with surface modification. The fabricated transparent films were composed of a hybrid –Si(CH3)3-functionalized SiO2 nanospheres ...
Superhydrophobic Thin Films Fabricated by Reactive Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Azlactone-Functionalized Polymers
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Maren E. Buck, Sarina C. Schwartz, and David M. LynnChemistry of Materials2010 22 (23), 6319-6327We report an approach to the fabrication of superhydrophobic thin films that is based on the “reactive” layer-by-layer assembly of azlactone-containing polymer multilayers. We demonstrate that films fabricated from alternating layers of the azlactone ...
Free-Standing and Reactive Thin Films Fabricated by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Subsequent Lift-Off of Azlactone-Containing Polymer Multilayers
Maren E. Buck and David M. LynnLangmuir2010 26 (20), 16134-16140Free-Standing and Reactive Thin Films Fabricated by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Subsequent Lift-Off of Azlactone-Containing Polymer Multilayers
Maren E. Buck and David M. LynnLangmuir2010 26 (20), 16134-16140We report an approach to the fabrication of free-standing and amine-reactive thin films that is based on the reactive layer-by-layer assembly and subsequent lift-off of azlactone-containing polymer multilayers. We demonstrate that covalently cross-linked ...
Pressure-Proof Superhydrophobic Films from Flexible Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Coatings
Chih-Feng Wang, Wei-Yan Chen, Huy-Zu Cheng, and Shen-Li FuThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C2010 114 (37), 15607-15611Pressure-Proof Superhydrophobic Films from Flexible Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Coatings
Chih-Feng Wang, Wei-Yan Chen, Huy-Zu Cheng, and Shen-Li FuThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C2010 114 (37), 15607-15611In this paper, we report a simple and inexpensive method for fabricating stable superhydrophobic films from flexible carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer coatings. The CNT/polymer coatings, which do not contain any fluorinated compounds, maintain their ...
Reversible Superhydrophobicity to Superhydrophilicity Switching of a Carbon Nanotube Film via Alternation of UV Irradiation and Dark Storage
Jin Yang, Zhaozhu Zhang, Xuehu Men, Xianghui Xu and Xiaotao ZhuLangmuir2010 26 (12), 10198-10202Reversible Superhydrophobicity to Superhydrophilicity Switching of a Carbon Nanotube Film via Alternation of UV Irradiation and Dark Storage
Jin Yang, Zhaozhu Zhang, Xuehu Men, Xianghui Xu and Xiaotao ZhuLangmuir2010 26 (12), 10198-10202We describe a simple method of fabricating a superhydrophobic carbon nanotube (CNT) film without any chemical modification. A remarkable surface wettability transition between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity can be easily observed by the ...
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History
- Published In Issue April 15, 2008
- Received November 29, 2007
Revised January 30, 2008
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