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Letter

Ultrafast All-Polymer Paper-Based Batteries

Gustav Nyström^†, Aamir Razaq^†, Maria Strømme*^†, Leif Nyholm*^‡ and Albert Mihranyan*^†

Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Materials Chemistry, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden

Nano Lett., 2009, 9 (10), pp 3635–3639

DOI: 10.1021/nl901852h

Publication Date (Web): September 9, 2009

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (M.S.) maria.stromme@angstrom.uu.se; (L.N.) Leif.Nyholm@mkem.uu.se; (A.M.) albert.mihranyan@angstrom.uu.se., †

Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory.

, ‡

Department of Materials Chemistry, The Ångström Laboratory.

Section:

Electrochemical, Radiational, and Thermal Energy Technology

Abstract

Conducting polymers for battery applications have been subject to numerous investigations during the last two decades. However, the functional charging rates and the cycling stabilities have so far been found to be insufficient for practical applications. These shortcomings can, at least partially, be explained by the fact that thick layers of the conducting polymers have been used to obtain sufficient capacities of the batteries. In the present letter, we introduce a novel nanostructured high-surface area electrode material for energy storage applications composed of cellulose fibers of algal origin individually coated with a 50 nm thin layer of polypyrrole. Our results show the hitherto highest reported charge capacities and charging rates for an all polymer paper-based battery. The composite conductive paper material is shown to have a specific surface area of 80 m² g⁻¹ and batteries based on this material can be charged with currents as high as 600 mA cm⁻² with only 6% loss in capacity over 100 subsequent charge and discharge cycles. The aqueous-based batteries, which are entirely based on cellulose and polypyrrole and exhibit charge capacities between 25 and 33 mAh g⁻¹ or 38−50 mAh g⁻¹ per weight of the active material, open up new possibilities for the production of environmentally friendly, cost efficient, up-scalable and lightweight energy storage systems.

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