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Highly Sensitive Plasmonic Silver Nanorods

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Arpad Jakab†, Christina Rosman†, Yuriy Khalavka†, Jan Becker†, Andreas Trügler‡, Ulrich Hohenester‡, and Carsten Sönnichsen†*

MAINZ Graduate School of Excellence and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany,

Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria

ACS Nano, 2011, 5 (9), pp 6880–6885

DOI: 10.1021/nn200877b

Publication Date (Web): August 18, 2011

Address correspondence to soennichsen@uni-mainz.de.

Section:

Optical, Electron, and Mass Spectroscopy and Other Related Properties

Abstract

We compare the single-particle plasmonic sensitivity of silver and gold nanorods with similar resonance wavelengths by monitoring the plasmon resonance shift upon changing the environment from water to 12.5% sucrose solution. We find that silver nanoparticles have 1.2 to 2 times higher sensitivity than gold, in good agreement with simulations based on the boundary-elements-method (BEM). To exclude the effect of particle volume on sensitivity, we test gold rods with increasing particle width at a given resonance wavelength. Using the Drude-model of optical properties of metals together with the quasi-static approximation (QSA) for localized surface plasmons, we show that the dominant contribution to higher sensitivity of silver is the lower background polarizability of the d-band electrons and provide a simple formula for the sensitivity. We improve the reversibility of the silver nanorod sensors upon repeated cycles of environmental changes by blocking the high energy parts of the illumination light.

Keywords:

silver; gold; nanoparticle spectroscopy; plasmon; sensitivity; reshaping; reversibility; morphology

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