Agricultural uses of antibiotics contribute to antibiotic resistance, but evaluating the extent of human and environmental impact is complex and subject to much speculation and polarization, according to a recent American Academy of Microbiology report. Although using antibiotics are cost-effective for treating and preventing disease in crops and farm animals, research has shown that their use can transmit antibiotic-resistant pathogens and possibly bacterial genes to humans through food, water, and direct contact. To prevent further spread of such drug resistance, 32 prominent scientists recommend more investigation into the origins, reservoirs, and transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes. The Role of Antibiotics in Agriculture is available at www.asmusa.org/acasrc/academy.htm.