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Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Glucose Based on Palladium−Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Nanostructures

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Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (H.Z.); [email protected] (C.C.)
Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 17, 7271–7280
Publication Date (Web):August 10, 2009
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac901005p
Copyright © 2009 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

    A new electrocatalyst, palladium nanoparticle−single-walled carbon nanotube (Pd−SWNTs) hybrid nanostructure, for the nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose was developed and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The hybrid nanostructures were prepared by depositing palladium nanoparticles with average diameters of 4−5 nm on the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) via chemical reduction of the precursor (Pd2+). The electrocatalyst showed good electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of glucose in the neutral phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4) even in the presence of a high concentration of chloride ions. A nonenzymatic amperometric glucose sensor was developed with the use of the Pd−SWNT nanostructure as an electrocatalyst. The sensor had good electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of glucose and exhibited a rapid response (ca.3 s), a low detection limit (0.2 ± 0.05 μM), a wide and useful linear range (0.5−17 mM), and high sensitivity (∼160 μA mM−1 cm−2) as well as good stability and repeatability. In addition, the common interfering species, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, 4-acetamidophenol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and so forth did not cause any interference due to the use of a low detection potential (−0.35 V vs SCE). The sensor can also be used for quantification of the concentration of glucose in real clinical samples. Therefore, this work has demonstrated a simple and effective sensing platform for nonenzymatic detection of glucose.

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