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Tholinomics—Chemical Analysis of Nitrogen-Rich Polymers

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Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, UMR 8190, 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson cedex, France
Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble, UMR 5109, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourrier 38041, Grenoble cedex 9, France
Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, avenue de la Terrasse 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 4, 1371–1380
Publication Date (Web):January 26, 2010
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac902458q
Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

    The polymeric composition of Titan’s tholins—laboratory analogues of Titan’s aerosols—is elucidated using high-resolution mass spectrometry. This complex organic matter is produced by plasma discharge in a gaseous nitrogen−methane mixture and analyzed with a hybrid linear trap/orbitrap mass-spectrometer. The highly structured mass spectra are treated with tools developed for petroleomics (Kendrick and van Krevelen diagrams), with original adaptations for nitrogen-rich compounds. Our goal is to find the best chemical basis set to describe the compositional space that these polymers occupy, to shed light onto the chemical structure of tholins. We succeeded in assigning the molecules identified in the mass spectra of tholins to a small number of regularly distributed X-(CH2)m(HCN)n families, where the balanced copolymer (m = n) is determined to play a central role. Within each family, the polymer lengths n and m present Poisson-type distributions. We also identify the smallest species of a subset of families as linear and cyclic amino nitrile compounds of great astrobiological interest: biguanide, guanidin, acetamidine, aminoacetonitrile, and methylimidazole.

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