Sensitive Top-Down Proteomics Analysis of a Low Number of Mammalian Cells Using a Nanodroplet Sample Processing PlatformClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Mowei ZhouMowei ZhouEnvironmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United StatesMore by Mowei Zhou
- Naomi UwugiarenNaomi UwugiarenInternational Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, PolandMore by Naomi Uwugiaren
- Sarah M. WilliamsSarah M. WilliamsEnvironmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United StatesMore by Sarah M. Williams
- Ronald J. MooreRonald J. MooreBiological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United StatesMore by Ronald J. Moore
- Rui ZhaoRui ZhaoEnvironmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United StatesMore by Rui Zhao
- David GoodlettDavid GoodlettInternational Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United StatesMore by David Goodlett
- Irena DapicIrena DapicInternational Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, PolandMore by Irena Dapic
- Ljiljana Paša-TolićLjiljana Paša-TolićEnvironmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United StatesMore by Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Ying Zhu*Ying Zhu*[email protected]Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United StatesMore by Ying Zhu
Abstract
Top-down proteomics is a powerful tool for characterizing genetic variations and post-translational modifications at intact protein level. However, one significant technical gap of top-down proteomics is the inability to analyze a low amount of biological samples, which limits its access to isolated rare cells, fine needle aspiration biopsies, and tissue substructures. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive top-down platform by incorporating a microfluidic sample preparation system, termed nanoPOTS (nanodroplet processing in one pot for trace samples), into a top-down proteomic workflow. A unique combination of a nonionic detergent dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside (DDM) with urea as protein extraction buffer significantly improved both protein extraction efficiency and sample recovery. We hypothesize that the DDM detergent improves protein recovery by efficiently reducing nonspecific adsorption of intact proteins on container surfaces, while urea serves as a strong denaturant to disrupt noncovalent complexes and release intact proteins for downstream analysis. The nanoPOTS-based top-down platform reproducibly and quantitatively identified ∼170 to ∼620 proteoforms from ∼70 to ∼770 HeLa cells containing ∼10 to ∼115 ng of total protein. A variety of post-translational modifications including acetylation, myristoylation, and iron binding were identified using only less than 800 cells. We anticipate the nanoPOTS top-down proteomics platform will be broadly applicable in biomedical research, particularly where clinical specimens are not available in amounts amenable to standard workflows.
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