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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Anal. Chem. 2020, 92, 1, 1316-1325
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Real-Time Detection of Aerosol Metals Using Online Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2020, 92, 1, 1316–1325
Publication Date (Web):December 11, 2019
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04480
Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Metal emissions are of major environmental and practical concern because of their highly toxic effects on human health and ecosystems. Current technologies available in the market for their detection are typically limited by a time resolution of 1 h or longer (e.g., via semicontinuous X-ray fluorescence measurements) or are nonquantitative (e.g., laser ablation mass spectrometry). In this work, we report the development of a novel technique for the real-time detection and monitoring of metal particles in situ using an extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) source coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The experiments were conducted in negative ionization mode using disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) dihydrate to chelate with metals and form stable metal complexes. Results for water-soluble metal compounds were obtained. The following representative metal ions were examined: Pb, Cd, Zn, Ce (III), Ba, Ni, Fe(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Cr, Mo, Co(II), Mg, Nd, Li, Ti, Ca, Cs, Ag, Tm, Er(III), La(III), Yb(III), Eu(III), Pr(III), Gd(III), Lu(III), Dy(III), Tb(III), Ho, and Ru(III). The results showed a very good linear mass response (R2 = 0.9983), low ng/m3 limits of detection (LoD), and a fast response time (1 s). The stability and repeatability of the developed EESI-TOF-MS were tested under complex dynamic and periodic experimental conditions, and negligible matrix effects were measured for internally and externally mixed metal particles. Benchmark testing against inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was also performed, highlighting the online measurement capabilities of aerosol metals with a LoD lower than those of ICP-MS. Proof-of-concept ambient measurements were performed in New Delhi, India, and very promising results were obtained, allowing further exploitation elsewhere.

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04480.

  • Chemicals, TOF-MS, sample preparation and introduction, isotopic ratios and calibration curves, ICP-MS operational conditions and analytical characteristics, and supporting references (PDF)

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Cited By

This article is cited by 6 publications.

  1. Stephanie Rankin‐Turner, Liam M. Heaney. Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2020: An annual review. Analytical Science Advances 2021, 2 (3-4) , 193-212. https://doi.org/10.1002/ansa.202000135
  2. Jeffrey R. Bacon, Owen T. Butler, Warren R. L. Cairns, Olga Cavoura, Jennifer M. Cook, Christine M. Davidson, Regina Mertz-Kraus. Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 2021, 36 (1) , 10-55. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0JA90074E
  3. Demetrios Pagonis, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hongyu Guo, Douglas A. Day, Melinda K. Schueneman, Wyatt L. Brown, Benjamin A. Nault, Harald Stark, Kyla Siemens, Alex Laskin, Felix Piel, Laura Tomsche, Armin Wisthaler, Matthew M. Coggon, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Hannah S. Halliday, Jordan E. Krechmer, Richard H. Moore, David S. Thomson, Carsten Warneke, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Jose L. Jimenez. Airborne extractive electrospray mass spectrometry measurements of the chemical composition of organic aerosol. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2021, 14 (2) , 1545-1559. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1545-2021
  4. Mihnea Surdu, Veronika Pospisilova, Mao Xiao, Mingyi Wang, Bernhard Mentler, Mario Simon, Dominik Stolzenburg, Christopher R. Hoyle, David M. Bell, Chuan Ping Lee, Houssni Lamkaddam, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker, Lauri R. Ahonen, Antonio Amorim, Andrea Baccarini, Dexian Chen, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Xu-Cheng He, Victoria Hofbauer, Changhyuk Kim, Andreas Kürten, Aleksandr Kvashnin, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Vladimir Makhmutov, Ugo Molteni, Wei Nie, Antti Onnela, Tuukka Petäjä, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Christian Tauber, António Tomé, Robert Wagner, Chao Yan, Andre S. H. Prevot, Josef Dommen, Neil M. Donahue, Armin Hansel, Joachim Curtius, Paul M. Winkler, Markku Kulmala, Rainer Volkamer, Richard C. Flagan, Jasper Kirkby, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jay G. Slowik, Dongyu S. Wang, Urs Baltensperger, Imad el Haddad. Molecular characterization of ultrafine particles using extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Environmental Science: Atmospheres 2021, 42 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EA00050K
  5. Chuan Ping Lee, Mihnea Surdu, David M. Bell, Houssni Lamkaddam, Mingyi Wang, Farnoush Ataei, Victoria Hofbauer, Brandon Lopez, Neil M. Donahue, Josef Dommen, Andre S. H. Prevot, Jay G. Slowik, Dongyu Wang, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad. Effects of aerosol size and coating thickness on the molecular detection using extractive electrospray ionization. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2021, 14 (9) , 5913-5923. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5913-2021
  6. Quan Yu, Siyu Xu, Wenyan Shi, Yuan Tian, Xiaohao Wang. Mass spectrometry coupled with vacuum thermal desorption for enhanced volatile organic sample analysis. Analytical Methods 2020, 12 (14) , 1852-1857. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY00175A

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